The Effect of Dietary Protein, Fat, and Choline upon the Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of the Rat

Olson, Robert E.; Jablonski, John R.; Taylor, Edmund

doi:10.1093/ajcn/6.2.111

Cited by 69 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several workers (12)(13)(14) have indicated that a considerable reduction occurs in the level of circulating low density lipoproteins when rats are placed on choline deficient diet for several days. This may be explained by the fact that the choline containing phospho lipids are the main component of low density lipoprotein (25); they are probably essential for the binding between neutral lipids (fat and cholesterol) and protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Myoinositol

HASAN¹,

Kotaki²,

Yagi³

1970

J. Vitaminol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Myoinositol

HASAN¹,

Kotaki²,

Yagi³

1970

J. Vitaminol

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“…A synergism of high Met content and low Gly content may occur in the hypercholesterolemic efficacy of casein. The detailed mechanism by which the differential effect of Met and Cys is elicited has not been fully elucidated, but some reports have suggested that the metabolism of the methyl group of Met is involved in such a difference (12,19,39). The results of experiment 3 indicated that the difference in the metabolism of the sulfur atom of Met and Cys may not be the major cause of the differential effect of sulfur amino acids, because while the hepatic Tau level was significantly different between rats fed the diet containing Met alone and rats fed the diet containing both Met and Cys, this difference could not be related to the changes in plasma cholesterol level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of individual amino acids on plasma cholesterol level in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

Sugiyama

Mizuno

Muramatsu

1986

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effect of individual amino acids added to a cholesterol containing casein diet on the plasma cholesterol level of rats was systematically investigated with objective of confirming the possibility that specific amino acids are responsible for the regulation of plasma choles terol level by dietary proteins. Half the amino acids tested were effective to some degree in influencing the plasma cholesterol level when amino acids were added singly to the diet at a 5% level . However, only sulfur containing amino acids had significant effects when added to the diet at a 100 level; Met enhanced and Cys reduced the plasma cholesterol level . In addition, the results of an experiment with amino acid mixture diets with different Met, Cys, and/or Gly contents indicated the importance of sulfur amino acids and also of Gly in plasma cholesterol regulation . The results obtained here support the notion that the plasma cholesterol level of rats can be influenced by specific amino acids or amino acid compositions of dietary proteins, at least under the experimental conditions used.

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“…Rats fed diets deficient in choline and sulfur amino acids have shown lowered serum cholesterol and elevated liver cholesterol levels; dietary supplementation of either sulfur-containing amino acids, or choline, or both to such animals results in a return of serum and liver cholesterol values to normal levels (11,12). This hypocholesterolemia resulting from a choline deficiency has not been observed in the chick (6), probably owing to the lack of a lipotropic effect of choline in this species as compared with the rat (13 In view of the existing controversy concerning the influence of dietary protein on serum lipids in man, the present study was initiated.…”

Section: And William T Nunes (From the U S Army Medical Research Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dietary Protein on Plasma Lipids in Human Subjects

Leveille¹,

Sauberlich²,

Powell³

et al. 1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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Most studies concerning the influence of dietary protein on serum or plasma lipids have been conducted with experimental animals. A hypocholesterolemic effect has been demonstrated for high dietary protein levels in growing swine, rats, and chicks (1-6). In the rat a hypercholesterolemic diet, containing cholesterol, or cholic acid, or both, is required to demonstrate a substantial depressant effect of high protein on cholesterol; however, this effect has been demonstrated in swine and chicks fed essentially cholesterol-free diets (1,3,4). Certain studies have indicated that the hypercholesterolemic effect of low protein is primarily the result of a sulfur amino acid deficiency; Cebus monkeys (7) and rats (8, 9), receiving diets adequate in choline but deficient in sulfur amino acids, develop a hypercholesterolemia that can be overcome by the addition of methionine to the diets. It has been further demonstrated that the serum cholesterol depression resulting from methionine supplementation of a deficient diet is independent of the growth response observed (8, 10) in growing animals.Methionine supplements appear to function differently in choline-deficient rats. Rats fed diets deficient in choline and sulfur amino acids have shown lowered serum cholesterol and elevated liver cholesterol levels; dietary supplementation of either sulfur-containing amino acids, or choline, or both to such animals results in a return of serum and liver cholesterol values to normal levels (11,12). This hypocholesterolemia resulting from a choline deficiency has not been observed in the chick (6), probably owing to the lack of a lipotropic effect of choline in this species as compared with the rat (13 (15), however, noted that the serum cholesterol levels of elderly patients frequently were elevated by increased protein intakes. Olson (16) fed diets supplying 100 g of protein per day followed by isocaloric, iso-fat diets supplying 25 g of protein per day to 9 subjects. The lower serum cholesterol levels observed during the low protein intake were attributed to a low dietary level of choline and sulfur-containing amino acids. In a more recent study Walker, Morse and Overley (17) fed two groups of young female subjects diets supplying 45 to 50 g of protein per day from animal or vegetable sources. The serum cholesterol level decreased in both groups but more so in the group receiving vegetable protein.In view of the existing controversy concerning the influence of dietary protein on serum lipids in man, the present study was initiated. The results reported were obtained in a carefully controlled study employing young male volunteers as subjects. EXPERIMENTAL METHODSThe subjects for this study were 7 healthy, young, male volunteers, whose average age was 21.6 years (range, 19 to 23). Their average initial weight was 77.4 kg (range, 70.2 to 97.5). The subjects were housed in a metabolic ward and were permitted off the ward for supervised activity. Body temperature, blood pressure, and body weight were recorded daily for each man.The study ...

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The Effect of Dietary Protein, Fat, and Choline upon the Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of the Rat

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Studies on Myoinositol

Studies on Myoinositol

Effect of individual amino acids on plasma cholesterol level in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

The Influence of Dietary Protein on Plasma Lipids in Human Subjects

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