The Effect of Cyclic Displacement On the Biomechanical Characteristics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions

Abstract

This study was conducted to clarify the influence of cyclic displacement on the structural properties of four types of femur-graft-tibia complexes used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Forty hindlimbs from pigs were used. In two groups, bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts were secured with interference screws (group A) or the suture-post technique (group B). In two groups, multistrand flexor tendons were fixed using the tape-staple technique (group C) or the sutures-tied-over-a-button technique (group D). In each group, five femur-graft-tibia complexes underwent tensile failure tests without cyclic displacement. The other five complexes underwent 5000 cycles of cyclic elongation for 2 mm, and then underwent the tensile failure tests. The initial stiffness significantly decreased after cyclic displacement in each group, although there were no significant differences in the linear stiffness and the ultimate failure load between the tests with and without cyclic displacement. These findings suggest that 5000 cycles of repetitive elongation of the femur-graft-tibia complex by 2 mm does not jeopardize the graft fixed with the procedures used in this study, despite a slight but significant increase of an anterior-posterior laxity of the knee.

Biomechanical Comparison of Cross-Pin and Endobutton-CL Femoral Fixation of a Flexor Tendon Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction—A Porcine Femur-Graft-Tibia Complex Study

“…However, less data have been published on the mechanical properties of the tendon graft using these devices. Because young cadaver knees are difficult to obtain, and have a potential for disease transmission, the study was performed on porcine knees that had been proven to be suitable models for graft fixation, and similar to healthy human bone tissue, as the tissue properties of porcine flexor tendons are similar to human hamstring tendons [12][13][14]. The stability of the ACL reconstructed knee immediately postoperatively depended on the initial graft fixation.…”

Bioabsorbable screw divergence angle, not tunnel preparation method influences soft tissue tendon graft-bone tunnel fixation in healthy bone

“…Porcine bone models are commonly used for testing graft fixation [14,15,19,35]. While the use of young 7 Relationship between bioabsorbable interference screw divergence angle and construct displacement during cyclic testing (r 2 = 0.54) Fig.…”

Estudo prospectivo randomizado entre as fixações transversas e extracorticais nas reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior

“…Fixations using Cross--Pin™ performed in positions between 10 and 11 o'clock and between one and two o'clock may be compromised with the current fixation technique, which is lower on the femoral wall (anatomical reconstruction). In this technique, extracortical fixation devices present a lower chance of complications (14,15) . In the present study, different positions of the femoral tunnel were not used, because the aim was just to compare the two types of fixation and not the two techniques (anatomical and traditional isometric).…”