The effect of communication architecture on the availability, reliability, and economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle-to-grid ancillary services

Quinn, Casey; Zimmerle, Daniel; Bradley, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.075

Cited by 246 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The batteries on the standard Prius are charged using the on-board PE. There is no provision to charge the batteries externally (Michalek et al, 2011;Bayoumi, 2007;Kharnashawy et al, 2009;Quinn et al, 2010;Bayoumi and Soliman, 2008;Bayoumi et al, 2009;Soliman et al, 2009b;Berthold et al, 2011).…”

Section: Plug-in Vehicle System Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power electronics in smart grid distribution power systems: a review

Bayoumi

2016

IJIED

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Distributed generation (DG) in smart grid (SG) is being employed as a means of achieving increased reliability for electrical power systems as regarded by consumers. As the most of DG technologies utilise renewable sources, the power electronic interface plays a vital role to match the characteristics of a DG unit with the grid requirements. This paper presents the power electronics capabilities required for DG systems in SG to convert the generated power into useful power that can be directly interconnected with the utility grid and/or that can be used for consumer applications. Because of the enhancement and the different power ranges of power electronics devices, the development of advanced power electronic interface that is scalable to meet different power requirements, with modular design, lower cost, and improved reliability, will improve the overall performance and durability of smart grid distributed power systems.

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Section: Plug-in Vehicle System Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power electronics in smart grid distribution power systems: a review

Bayoumi

2016

IJIED

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“…For either of these to be viable as grid-attached ES, an aggregator is necessary to combine the relatively small capacities of each vehicle battery into a system large enough to effectively serve the grid [23], [24]. This aggregation allows ES devices to combine their capacities and create a distributed energy storage (DES) system.…”

Section: Vehicle-to-grid and Relationship To B2gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), the signal has been presumed to contain significantly less energy than the other markets and services, which is beneficial for the small energy capacities of batteries [18], [19], [22], [24], [26], [28]. Because frequency regulation has been demonstrated by many as the best choice of energy market for DES systems, my analysis is based on this market [7], [11], [12], [16], [18], [19], [22][23][24].…”

Section: Frequency Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of distributed energy services to date have assumed 10% call ratio (based on the fraction of required A/S power to contracted A/S resources), but NERC reports that pumped hydroelectric generators can approach 70% call ratio [18], [23], [38]. Because fast-response DES systems provide high-value service to the ISO, high call ratios are likely to result [33].…”

Section: Call Ratio Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of the effects of automatic generation control signal characteristics on energy storage system reliability

Campbell¹,

Bradley²

2014

Journal of Power Sources

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A MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ON ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM RELIABILITYNo electrochemical batteries constructed to date have the storage capacities necessary for integration into conventional energy markets; aggregation will be required to meet industrystandard metrics for reliability and availability. This aggregation of individual energy storage devices into a distributed energy storage (DES) system will be useful not only to allow standard connection to the grid, but to provide higher-quality fast-response grid services with low-cost technologies. These smaller installations will have lower capital costs than traditional energy storage facilities. Ancillary services, and more specifically frequency regulation services, are understood to be the most technically viable and economically valuable market available to DES. Accordingly, this study is based on the properties of the frequency regulation market.This study presents a simplified model of a DES resource, its frequency regulation actuation signal, and its mode of market participation. The inputs to the model are scaling parameters of the DES system and of the actuation signal. The outputs from the model are the individual and aggregated reliability of the DES system. An analytical calculation of reliability is performed and analytical results are compared to numerical simulation solutions. Results show that the reliability of the energy storage device can be characterized using a set of nondimensional parameters. These device-level reliability results are then translated into systemlevel reliability through several different models of ancillary services contracting and dispatch.iii Previous studies of DES systems have assumed that the energy storage system has no energy storage limitations and that the actuation signal has no net or instantaneous energy content. This model includes these conditions so as to capture the interaction between the energy

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“…This simple functional change enables a PHEV to displace energy from petroleum with multi-source electric energy (Quinn et al, 2010). This has important and generally beneficial influence on petroleum consumption, pollution, as well as on the performance and makeup of the electric grid.…”

Section: Vehicle-to-gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed integer linear programming based approach for unit commitment in smart grid environment

2014

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The future of power systems known as smart grids is expected to involve an increasing level of intelligence and incorporation of new information and communication technologies in every aspect of the power grid. Demand response resources and gridable vehicle are two interesting programs which can be utilized in the smart grid environment. Demand response resources can be used as a demand side virtual power plant (resource) to enhance the security and reliability of utility and have the potential to offer substantial benefits in the form of improved economic efficiency in wholesale electricity markets. An economic model of incentive responsive loads is modelled based on price elasticity of demand and customers' benefit function. On the other hand, a gridable vehicle can be used as a small portable power plant to improve the reliability as well as security of the power system. This paper formulates a mixed-integer programming approach to solve the unit commitment problem with demand response resources and gridable vehicles. The objective function of the unit commitment problem has been modified to incorporate demand response resources and gridable vehicles. The proposed method is conducted on the conventional 10-unit test system to illustrate the impacts of smart grid environment on the unit commitment problem. Moreover the benefits of implementing demand response resources and gridable vehicle in electricity markets are demonstrated.Keywords: Demand response; mixed-integer programming; smart grid; unit commitment. ( ) PRInitial electricity price of an hour.Fuel cost coefficients of a unit. ( ) PRSpot electricity price of an hour. ( ) BCustomer ( ) PenPenalty of an hour. ( ) ESelf and cross elasticity of an hour. , r sCoefficients to reinforce the effect of Penalty and award in incentive-based programs, respectively. ( ) EmEmission function of a unit. ( ) RDRRamping down limit of a unit. ( ) EmLower limit on the emission of a unit. ( ) RURRamping ( ) NSENumber of segments for the piece-wise linearized emission curve. ( ) ΓDemand ratio parameter of an hour. GV PPower obtainable from one GV. ηThe potential of DR programs implementation.

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The effect of communication architecture on the availability, reliability, and economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle-to-grid ancillary services

Cited by 246 publications

References 7 publications

Power electronics in smart grid distribution power systems: a review

Power electronics in smart grid distribution power systems: a review

A model of the effects of automatic generation control signal characteristics on energy storage system reliability

A mixed integer linear programming based approach for unit commitment in smart grid environment

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