The effect of collection substrate on electrospun ciprofloxacin-loaded poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose nanofibers as potential wound dressing materials

Abstract

In this work, nanofibers based on hydrophilic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hydrophobic ethyl cellulose (EC) were generated via electrospinning. A model antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIF) was also incorporated into the fibers. Fibers were collected on both a foil substrate and a commercial gauze, the latter in the interests of developing a smart fabric. Electron microscopy images revealed that the fibers collected on both foil and fabric were homogeneous and cylindrical. Infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that CIF was successfully loaded into the fibers and present in the amorphous physical form. In vitro drug release tests were conducted to simulate drug release from the formulations into a wound site, and as expected the hydrophilic fibers showed much faster release than 2 their hydrophobic analogues. CIF was released through a combined mechanism of polymer erosion and drug diffusion, and the EC nanofibers displayed close to zeroorder release over three days. Fibroblast cells are able to grow and proliferate on the fibers. Finally, inhibition zone assays revealed that the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria could be effectively inhibited as a result of the presence of CIF in the fibers. Electrospun nanofibers loaded with CIF thus have great potential in wound healing. Further, the fibers can be electrospun directly onto a gauze substrate to prepare a smart fabric.

An Overview of Biopolymeric Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Polysaccharides for Wound Healing Management

“…Nano-scale cellulose fibers produced by means of electrospinning (C-eNFs) have significantly attracted the interest of scientists thanks to its correspondingly wider surface area, which confers more surface atoms as compared to its micro-scale [ 90 ]. For the development of different electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds used as wound dressings, many types and derivatives of cellulose have been reported, such as alpha cellulose [ 129 ], cellulose acetate (CA) [ 90 ], ethyl cellulose (EC) [ 130 ], and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) [ 131 ]. Also, like the other polysaccharides, cellulose derivatives can be used in combination with other synthetic polymers or biopolymers for the increase of the electrospinnability, as it can be seen in Table 3 .…”

“…Also, inhibition zone tests showed that the replication of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is productively inhibited as a consequence of the presence of Cip in the eNFs. Due to insignificant discrepancy between the fibers collected on gauze and on foil it was concluded that electrospinning can be effectuated directly onto a gauze substrate for smart fabric preparation [ 130 ].…”

Electrospun antibacterial nanofibers for wound dressings and tissue medicinal fields: A Review

“…Among them, silver nanoparticles exhibit outstanding antibacterial activity against S. aureus bacteria and E. coli. Davood et al 38 proposed an antibacterial electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nano¯brous membrane through a surface functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs…”

Recent developments in the use of organic–inorganic nanohybrids for drug delivery

“…As far as polymeric additives are concerned, biopolymers (Aguzzi et al, ) and semisynthetic or synthetic polymers (Patel, Shah, Shah, & Joshi, ) are utilized in clay systems in DDS. Properties of polymers that determine their usefulness in drug delivery applications include biodegradability, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and biocompatibility (Godakanda et al, ; H. Li, Zhang, et al, ). However, application of neat polymers as DDS results in uncontrolled rapid drug release and nonselective drug distribution in addition to having poor mechanical and thermal properties.…”