The effect of cohabitation of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) populations on infections to Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae)

Beauchamp, Katherine A.; El-Matbouli, Mansour; Gay, Mélanie; Georgiadis, Marios; Nehring, R. Barry; Hedrick, Ronald P.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2005.08.006

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Unfortunately, this attempt remained unsuccessful, possibly due to a changed composition of the worm culture which at the time of the trial might no longer be adequate for the development of the parasite. Beauchamp et al (2006) reported that the species composition of an oligochaete culture may change over time. they found competitive interactions between susceptible and resistant Tubifex tubifex strains exposed to Myxobolus cerebralis; in this study the susceptible worm strain was displaced by the resistant one at the end of the trial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of Myxobolus pavlovskii (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) includes an echinactinomyxon-type actinospore

Marton¹,

Eszterbauer²

2011

FOLIA PARASIT

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Myxobolus pavlovskii (Akhmerov, 1954) is a myxozoan parasite of the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) and the bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson). These two fish species were introduced to Hungary from Eastern Asia (china and the former USSR) in the early 1960s. The fish populations in china already had been infected with M. pavlovskii, and after the introduction to Hungary in the course of a breeding programme of herbivorous fish, the parasite was disseminated throughout the country (Molnár 1979). Myxobolus pavlovskii infects the gills and develops in the stratified epithelium between gill lamellae, where the developing plasmodia can fill the interlamellar space (Molnár 2002). in heavy infections, it may cause severe pathological changes by hampering the host gas exchange and excretion. Molnár (1979) was the first to conduct infection experiments with this parasite to obtain further information on its development. He examined several specimens of silver carp and bighead carp from three fish farms in Hungary for the presence of M. pavlovskii, and performed both field and laboratory experiments. In the field, he could not prevent uncontrolled infection of parasite-free fry despite a variety of pre-treatments (e.g., desiccation of the pond, mud removal, quicklime treatment). successful laboratory infections of fish were only possible using mud/soil as a source of the infectious agent (Molnár 1979). later, ruidish et al. (1991) performed transmission experiments in order to elucidate the life cycle of M. pavlovskii in greater detail. Myxospores originating from naturally infected silver carp, identified as M. pavlovskii by morphological measurements, were used for the infection of oligochaetes. Tubificid oligochaetes were added to the aquaria containing myxospores, and after 93 days post exposure (p.e.), hexactinomyxon-type actinospores were detected in the water. By cohabitation of infected oligochaetes and silver carp, one-year-old fish specimens became infected. After 120 days p.e., cysts containing myxospores were found between the lamellae of gills. in the study by these authors, only morphological characters were used to identify the spores. the present study was initiated after echinactinomyxon-type actinospores had been observed in a mixed oligochaete culture collected in the temperate Water Fish Hatchery (tEHAg) near Budapest, Hungary. the 18s rDNA sequence of these actinospores had been found identical with that of M. pavlovskii myxospore isolates previously studied by Eszterbauer (2004). This finding contradicted the results obtained by ruidish et al. (1991) and suggested that an echinactinomyxon instead of a hexactinomyxon might be the actinospore stage of M. pavlovskii. The development of Myxobolus pavlovskii (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) includes an echinactinomyxon-type actinospore Szilvia Marton and Edit EszterbauerVeterinary Medical research institute, Hungarian Academy of sciences, P.o. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary Abstract: Echinactinomyxon-type actinospores ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of Myxobolus pavlovskii (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) includes an echinactinomyxon-type actinospore

Marton¹,

Eszterbauer²

2011

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…Whitney State Fish Hatchery, Independence, California was brought to the Fish Health Laboratory at the University of California, Davis in May 1999. Worms (20.0 g=8,000 worms) were randomly separated from the stock population and exposed to M. cerebralis myxospores (1,200 spores/worm) obtained from infected rainbow trout to confirm their susceptibility to the parasite (Beauchamp et al 2006). At the peak of TAM production (ca 4 months post-exposure), oligochaetes (n= 50) were placed individually into multi-well plates, incubated at 15°C, and monitored for TAM releases for 2 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptibility of the oligochaete clonal populations to M. cerebralis was determined by the production of TAMs after experimental exposures to1,000 myxospores/worm following the procedures described by Beauchamp et al (2006). The myxospores were left in the experimental container with the worms throughout the duration of the study.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Oligochaete Populations To M Cerebralismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction of oligochaetes from TAM-and non-TAMproducing lineage III clonal lines was evaluated in two cohabitation studies under conditions similar to those described by Beauchamp et al (2006). In the first study, worms from resistant and susceptible clonal lines were mixed and immediately exposed to the parasite.…”

Section: Cohabitation Of Resistant and Susceptible Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many strains of oligochaetes representing lineage III, and from diverse geographic areas, have been examined for susceptibility to M. cerebralis, and differences in overall parasite production have been reported (Stevens et al 2001;Kerans et al 2004;Beauchamp et al 2005;Rasmussen et al 2007). In contrast, oligochaetes grouped into lineages V and VI and several strains from lineage I appear completely or partially resistant to M. cerebralis infections (Beauchamp et al 2005(Beauchamp et al , 2006Rasmussen et al 2007). Susceptibility to infections with the parasite has not been examined in T. tubifex from lineages II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex

et al. 2007

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Laboratory populations of Tubifex tubifex from mitochondrial (mt)16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) lineage III were generated from single cocoons of adult worms releasing the triactinomyxon stages (TAMs) of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis. Subsequent worm populations from these cocoons, referred to as clonal lines, were tested for susceptibility to infection with the myxospore stages of M. cerebralis. Development and release of TAMs occurred in five clonal lines, while four clonal lines showed immature parasitic forms that were not expelled from the worm (non-TAM producers). Oligochaetes from TAM- and non-TAM-producing clonal lines were confirmed as lineage III based on mt16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) sequences, but these genes did not differentiate these phenotypes. In contrast, random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of genomic DNA demonstrated unique banding patterns that distinguished the phenotypes. Cohabitation of parasite-exposed TAM- and non-TAM-producing phenotypes showed an overall decrease in expected TAM production compared to the same exposure dose of the TAM-producing phenotype without cohabitation. These studies suggest that differences in susceptibility to parasite infection can occur in genetically similar T. tubifex populations, and their coexistence may affect overall M. cerebralis production, a factor that may influence the severity of whirling disease in wild trout populations.

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Distribution and Prevalence of Myxobolus cerebralis in Postfire Areas of Plumas National Forest: Utility of Environmental DNA Sampling

et al. 2018

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Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxozoan parasite and the etiological agent of whirling disease in salmonids. The parasite's life cycle involves waterborne spores and requires both a salmonid fish and the benthic freshwater oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Wildfires can lead to the erosion of fine sediments into stream channels and have been implicated as promoting environmental conditions that are suitable for the survival and success of T. tubifex, whose presence in turn can affect the prevalence of M. cerebralis. Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to be a powerful tool for evaluating the presence of microorganisms, for which direct observation is impossible. We investigated the presence of M. cerebraliseDNA in river water and river sediment samples collected from areas affected by recent fire activity in Plumas National Forest, California. We compared eDNA loads in the environment to M. cerebralis infection in T. tubifex and sentinel-exposed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the presence of T. tubifex lineages in the same environment. For the latter, we developed a multiplex quantitative PCR assay for detection of T. tubifex lineages I, III, and V. Lineage IIIT. tubifex and M. cerebralis (eDNA as well as DNA extracted from fish and worm tissues) were detected only in samples obtained from areas affected by the Moonlight wildfire. The association between M. cerebralis infection in sentinel-exposed fish and eDNA detection in environmental samples only approached significance at a P-value of 0.056. However, given the difference in relative effort between the two sampling methods (host versus nonhost environment), our data suggest that eDNA sampling of water and substrate is a promising approach for surveillance of myxozoan fish parasites.

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The effect of cohabitation of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) populations on infections to Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

The development of Myxobolus pavlovskii (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) includes an echinactinomyxon-type actinospore

The development of Myxobolus pavlovskii (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) includes an echinactinomyxon-type actinospore

Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex

Distribution and Prevalence of Myxobolus cerebralis in Postfire Areas of Plumas National Forest: Utility of Environmental DNA Sampling

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