The effect of calving in the summer on the hepatic transcriptome of Holstein cows during the peripartal period

Shahzad, Khuram; Akbar, Haji; Vailati-Riboni, Mario; Basiricò, Loredana; Morera, P.; Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L.; Nardone, A.; Bernabucci, U.; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9409

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…During early lactation, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are typically increased to provide glucose for milk lactose production [ 18 , 19 ]. The increase in gluconeogenesis is much more pronounced in cows calving during a hot summer as compared to a cold spring period [ 20 ] and presumably involves increased utilization of lactate and alanine for glucose synthesis [ 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, hepatic mRNA expression of genes encoding fatty acid oxidation increases during the transition period from late pregnancy into lactation [ 18 , 19 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, hepatic mRNA expression of genes encoding fatty acid oxidation increases during the transition period from late pregnancy into lactation [ 18 , 19 , 22 ]. When cows, however, experience heat during the transition period, expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation is downregulated compared to control counterparts [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk

et al. 2016

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Climate changes lead to rising temperatures during summer periods and dramatic economic losses in dairy production. Modern high-yielding dairy cows experience severe metabolic stress during the transition period between late gestation and early lactation to meet the high energy and nutrient requirements of the fetus or the mammary gland, and additional thermal stress during this time has adverse implications on metabolism and welfare. The mechanisms enabling metabolic adaptation to heat apart from the decline in feed intake and milk yield are not fully elucidated yet. To distinguish between feed intake and heat stress related effects, German Holstein dairy cows were first kept at thermoneutral conditions at 15°C followed by exposure to heat-stressed (HS) at 28°C or pair-feeding (PF) at 15°C for 6 days; in late-pregnancy and again in early lactation. Liver and muscle biopsies and plasma samples were taken to assess major metabolic pathway regulation using real-time PCR and Western Blot. The results indicate that during heat stress, late pregnant cows activate Cahill but reduce Cori cycling, prevent increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and utilize increased amounts of pyruvate for gluconeogenesis, without altering ureagenesis despite reduced plane of nutrition. These homeorhetic adaptations are employed to reduce endogenous heat production while diverting amino acids to the growing fetus. Metabolic adaptation to heat stress in early lactation involves increased long-chain fatty acid degradation in muscle peroxisomes, allowance for muscle glucose utilization but diminished hepatic use of amino acid-derived pyruvate for gluconeogenesis and reduced peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ATP production in liver of HS compared to PF cows in early lactation. Consequently, metabolic adaptation to heat stress and reduced feed intake differ between late pregnancy and early lactation of dairy cows to maintain energy supply for fetus development or milk production simultaneously reducing endogenous heat production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk

et al. 2016

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“…In the present study, we found increased abundance of PC protein during pp heat stress, suggesting activated gluconeogenesis. In line with this, Shahzad et al (Shahzad et al 2015) reported a greater PC mRNA abundance in transition cows with summer compared to winter calving, although this might be due to the lower feed intake as well. However, lactating cows adapt to heat by increasing carbohydrate utilization (Rhoads et al 2009, Lamp et al 2015), and increased gluconeogenesis may meet these increased glucose requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Hepatic thyroid signaling of heat-stressed late pregnant and early lactating cows

Weitzel

Viergutz

Albrecht

et al. 2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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During the transition between late gestation and early lactation, dairy cows experience severe metabolic stress due to the high energy and nutrient requirements of the fetus and the mammary gland. Additional thermal stress that occurs with rising temperatures during the ongoing climate change has further adverse implications on energy intake, metabolism and welfare. The thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated cellular signaling has a pivotal role in regulation of body temperature, energy intake and metabolic adaptation to heat. To distinguish between energy intake and heat stress-related effects, Holstein cows were first kept at thermoneutrality at 15°C followed by exposure to heat stress (HS) at 28°C or pair-feeding (PF) at 15°C for 6 days, in late pregnancy and again in early lactation. Herein, we focused on hepatic metabolic changes associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in HS and PF animals. T3 and T4 levels dropped with HS or PF; however, in HS animals, this decline was more pronounced. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels remain unaffected, while plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in HS than PF animals. Hepatic marker genes for TH action (THRA, DIO1 and PPARGC1) decreased after HS and were lower compared to PF cows but only post-partum. Proteomics data revealed reduced hepatic amino acid catabolism ante-partum and a shift toward activated beta-oxidation and gluconeogenesis but declined oxidative stress defense post-partum. Thus, liver metabolism of HS and PF cows adapts differently to diminished energy intake both ante-partum and post-partum, and a different TH sensitivity is involved in the regulation of catabolic processes.

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“…Glycans are carbohydrates linked with lipid and protein moieties to form glycolipids and glycoproteins that can act as signaling molecules [34]. Despite previous work with dairy cows [7, 19, 35] demonstrating substantial changes in several glycan-related pathways in liver tissue during the transition period, not much attention has been placed on glycan metabolism. However, a review of the literature highlighted that there has been a marked increase in glycomic studies in humans [36], highlighting their importance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition affect the hepatic transcriptome during the transition period in grazing dairy cows

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA transcriptomic approach was used to evaluate potential interactions between prepartum body condition score (BCS) and feeding management in the weeks before calving on hepatic metabolism during the periparturient period.MethodsThirty-two mid-lactation grazing dairy cows of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two prepartum BCS categories [4.0 (thin, BCS4) and 5.0 (optimal, BCS5); based on a 10-point scale], and two levels of energy intake during the 3 weeks preceding calving (75 and 125 % of estimated requirements). Liver samples were obtained at −7, 7, and 28 d relative to parturition and subsequent RNA was hybridized to the Agilent 44 K Bovine (V2) Microarray chip. The Dynamic Impact Approach was used for pathway analysis, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for gene network analysis.ResultsThe greater number of differentially expressed genes in BCS4 cows in response to prepartum feed allowance (1071 vs 310, over the entire transition period) indicates that these animals were more responsive to prepartum nutrition management than optimally-conditioned cows. However, independent of prepartum BCS, pathway analysis revealed that prepartal feeding level had a marked effect on carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and glycan metabolism. Altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism suggest a greater and more prolonged negative energy balance postpartum in BCS5 cows overfed prepartum. This is supported by opposite effects of prepartum feeding in BCS4 compared with BCS5 cows in pathways encompassing amino acid, vitamin, and co-factor metabolism. The prepartum feed restriction ameliorates the metabolic adaptation to the onset of lactation in BCS5 cows, while detrimentally affecting BCS4 cows, which seem to better adapt when overfed. Alterations in the glycosaminoglycans synthesis pathway support this idea, indicating better hepatic health status in feed-restricted BCS5 and overfed BCS4 cows. Furthermore, IPA network analysis suggests liver damage in feed-restricted thin cows, likely due to metabolic overload.ConclusionOverall, the data support the hypothesis that overfeeding in late-pregnancy should be limited to underconditioned cows, while cows with optimal degree of body condition should be maintained on an energy-restricted diet.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3191-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The effect of calving in the summer on the hepatic transcriptome of Holstein cows during the peripartal period

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk

Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk

Hepatic thyroid signaling of heat-stressed late pregnant and early lactating cows

Prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition affect the hepatic transcriptome during the transition period in grazing dairy cows

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