The effect of body size on the wing movements of pteropodid bats, with insights into thrust and lift production

Riskin, Daniel K.; Iriarte-Díaz, José; Middleton, Kevin M.; Breuer, Kenneth S.; Swartz, Sharon M.

doi:10.1242/jeb.043091

Cited by 70 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We additionally report the results of the unweighted regression. E. helvum power curve [18] (electronic supplementary material, figure S2) was calculated using published morphological data [36].…”

Section: (C) Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

et al. 2014

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When animals move, their tracks may be strongly influenced by the motion of air or water, and this may affect the speed, energetics and prospects of the journey. Flying organisms, such as bats, may thus benefit from modifying their flight in response to the wind vector. Yet, practical difficulties have so far limited the understanding of this response for free-ranging bats. We tracked nine straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) that flew 42.5 + 17.5 km (mean + s.d.) to and from their roost near Accra, Ghana. Following detailed atmospheric simulations, we found that bats compensated for wind drift, as predicted under constant winds, and decreased their airspeed in response to tailwind assistance such that their groundspeed remained nearly constant. In addition, bats increased their airspeed with increasing crosswind speed. Overall, bats modulated their airspeed in relation to wind speed at different wind directions in a manner predicted by a two-dimensional optimal movement model. We conclude that sophisticated behavioural mechanisms to minimize the cost of transport under various wind conditions have evolved in bats. The bats' response to the wind is similar to that reported for migratory birds and insects, suggesting convergent evolution of flight behaviours in volant organisms.

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Section: (C) Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

et al. 2014

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“…Wing loading is one of the important parameters that explain the flight characteristics of flying animals like bats (Iriarte-Díaz et al, 2012;Riskin et al, 2010). In the present study the wing loading of bats increases with increase in the body weight of frogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Influence of Wing Loading on the Selection of Prey Size in the Indian False Vampire Bat Megaderma Lyra

Kaliraj

Marimuthu

2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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We studied wing loading of adult male (n=6) and female (n=5) of the Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra under seminatural conditions in an outdoor enclosure. Before releasing the bats into the enclosure, we measured their body mass, forearm length, wing area and wingspan. They were fed with frogs of four different categories of body lengths such as A = 3.0-3.5, B = 4.0-4.5, C = 5.0-5.5 and D = 6.0-6.5 cm. Bats were able to capture frogs A -C and carry them to roosts, that were at a height of 260 cm from the ground. However, when they captured frogs of the size D, most of the times they dropped the latter either after reaching the roost or even while carrying them. Alternatively, the bats carried the frogs (size D) but landed at a place (n = 30) closer to the ground and began consuming the prey. In general, greater the size of frogs, higher the wing loading of bats.

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“…To uncover detailed flight behavior of bats in the wild, however, scientists would like to retrieve their 3D articulated motion. Works that do model bats as 3D articulated bodies have relied on data of bats in confined laboratory spaces, where the motion of a bat can be captured up close in great detail [3,11,17]. The work of Bergou et al [3] modeled a bat with a 52 degree of freedom (DOF) articulated model, whose parameters are estimated from real data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D pose estimation of bats in the wild

Breslav

Fuller

Sclaroff

et al. 2014

IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision

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Vision-based methods have gained popularity as a tool for helping to analyze the behavior of bats. Though, for bats in the wild, there are still no tools capable of estimating and subsequently analyzing articulated 3D bat pose. We propose a model-based multi-view articulated 3D bat pose estimation framework for this novel problem. Key challenges include the large search space associated with articulated 3D pose, the ambiguities that arise from 2D projections of 3D bodies, and the low resolution image data we have available. Our method uses multi-view camera geometry and temporal constraints to reduce the state space of possible articulated 3D bat poses and finds an optimal set using a Markov Random Field based model.Our experiments use real video data of flying bats and gold-standard annotations by a bat biologist. Our results show, for the first time in the literature, articulated 3D pose estimates being generated automatically for video sequences of bats flying in the wild. The average differences in body orientation and wing joint angles, between estimates produced by our method and those based on gold-standard annotations, ranged from 16• -21 • (i.e., ≈ 17% -23%) for orientation and 14 • -26 • (i.e., ≈ 7% -14%) for wing joint angles.

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The effect of body size on the wing movements of pteropodid bats, with insights into thrust and lift production

Cited by 70 publications

References 61 publications

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

Influence of Wing Loading on the Selection of Prey Size in the Indian False Vampire Bat Megaderma Lyra

3D pose estimation of bats in the wild

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