The effect of antimicrobial growth promoter withdrawal on the health of weaned pigs in Finland

Laine, Taina; Yliaho, Maija; Myllys, Vesa; Pohjanvirta, Tarja; Fossi, Marja; Anttila, Marjukka

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.09.001

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Escherichia coli infections can be the most common reason of piglet diseases (Laine et al, 2004). Although Marounek et al (2003) observed a strong antimicrobial activity of caprylic acid and, to a lesser extent, capric acid against E. coli, no lowering effect of MCFA on the population of this bacterium was found in the current experiment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effects of dietary caprylic and capric acids on piglet performance and mucosal epithelium structure of the ileum

Hańczakowska¹,

Szewczyk²,

Okoń³

2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Effects of a diet supplemented with caprylic and/or capric acid on piglet performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, intestinal microflora and small intestine (ileum) structure were investigated. The experiment was performed on 252 piglets (24 litters) allocated to 4 experimental groups (6 litters each). The animals were fed with a standard feed mixture (control) or the same mixture supplemented with 2 g of caprylic or capric acid (groups C 8 and C 10 , respectively) per 1 kg of feed. Group C 8 +C 10 received 1 g of caprylic and 1 g of capric acid. Apparent digestibility was estimated using Cr 2 O 3 as an indicator, while microbiological analyses were performed using standard agar plates. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content of the ileum and caecum digesta was analysed using Varian 340 analyzer. The piglets receiving caprylic or capric acids grew significantly (P<0.01) faster than the control ones (average daily gains during the whole experiment, i.e. between days 1 and 84 of age, were: 288, 269, 278 and 234 g, respectively). The best feed utilization (1.3 kg per kg) was found in animals receiving caprylic acid. The acids also lowered piglet mortality, while significantly increased protein digestibility (P<0.01) and, to a lesser degree (P<0.05), also fibre digestibility. There was no significant difference in acidity of the digesta between control and experimental groups. Capric acid increased the amount of aerobic bacteria as compared to the control group, but the amount of Escherichia coli remained unchanged. The population of Clostridium perfringens was reduced by both caprylic and capric acids (P<0.01). Acids had no effect on SCFA content of the ileum but lowered the acetic acid content of the caecum digesta. Capric acid had the strongest effect on villi, which were significantly higher (306 μm) than in the control group (233 μm). Differences 557 HANCZAKOWSKA E. ET AL.in crypt depth were smaller but the crypts were also the deepest in piglets receiving capric acid. The results suggest that caprylic and capric acids added to the feed improve piglet performance, probably due to positive changes in the mucosal epithelium structure of the ileum.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effects of dietary caprylic and capric acids on piglet performance and mucosal epithelium structure of the ileum

Hańczakowska¹,

Szewczyk²,

Okoń³

2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…24 In Finland, antimicrobials used for the treatment of diarrhea in weaning pigs did not increase significantly after a ban on AGP use in 1999. 25 In Norway, a significant reduction in the consumption of antimicrobials for therapeutic indications followed a ban on AGP use. 26 However, in Sweden, a ban on AGP use in 1986 was followed by an increase in the consumption of antimicrobials for therapeutic indications, with antimicrobial consumption returning to the same level as before the ban on AGP use after almost 10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the use of antimicrobials and the effects on productivity of swine farms in Denmark

Aarestrup¹,

Jensen²,

Emborg³

et al. 2010

ajvr

142

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“…The matter of feed restriction is controversial since low feed intake may cause intestinal malfunction and damage (Spreeuwenberg et al, 2001;McCracken et al, 1999), but despite this, restricted feeding is commonly used as an approach to reduce weaning diarrhoea in Denmark (Jørgensen et al, 2000) and elsewhere (Lainea et al, 2004). Potentially, restrictive feeding may prevent piglets, which have not eaten significant amounts during the first one to two stressful days, to engorge on the weaning diet if it is available ad-lib.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and diarrhoea in piglets following weaning at seven weeks of age: Challenge with E. coli O 149 and effect of dietary factors

et al. 2009

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Four dietary factors (ad libitum versus feed restriction, control versus protein restriction at ad libitum feeding, control versus inclusion of lupin as a protein source at ad libitum feeding, and control versus extra vitamin E at ad libitum feeding) were tested in four separate experiments for the effect on diarrhoea. To introduce a diarrhoea-like condition, half of the piglets were challenged with an E. coli O 149 dose of 1 × 10 8 colony forming units on days one and two after weaning (day of weaning= day zero). All piglets were susceptible since the dams were tested mono-zygotic susceptible to the attachment site of E. coli O 149 in the intestines. Each of the four experiments included 32 piglets from 4 sows. The design was a 2 × 2 factorial with dietary factor and E. coli O 149 challenge as the two factors, each at two levels. The piglets were housed individually during the experiment which lasted for 10 days from weaning at 7 weeks of age. The daily recordings included feed intake, weight and faecal score (from 1 = solid and cloddy to 6 = watery and yellow). Faeces from days 1 to 4 were tested for E. coli strains. In addition, blood was sampled and serum was analysed for antibodies to E. coli, IgG and IgM. Generally the E. coli challenge had no effect on growth and feed intake whereas faecal score and number of faecal haemolytic bacteria increased and faecal dry matter decreased. Feed restriction decreased the weight gain while faecal characteristics were unaffected. An analysis including all four experiments revealed that a feed intake of less than 200 g during the first day after weaning seems to be associated with a relatively high incidence of a post-weaning diarrhoea-like condition. Protein restriction decreased faecal score and increased faecal dry matter while weight gain tended to decrease. Inclusion of lupin affected neither weight gain nor faecal characteristics. Extra vitamin E did not affect weight gain while faecal dry matter decreased, and faecal score and number of faecal haemolytic bacteria increased. The dietary treatments had no effect on the measured immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the studied dietary factors could not alleviate a diarrhoea-like condition and at the same time maintain the growth rate. Furthermore, the results indicate that performance can be improved if piglets achieve a daily feed intake of at least 200 g during the first day after weaning.

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The effect of antimicrobial growth promoter withdrawal on the health of weaned pigs in Finland

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of dietary caprylic and capric acids on piglet performance and mucosal epithelium structure of the ileum

Effects of dietary caprylic and capric acids on piglet performance and mucosal epithelium structure of the ileum

Changes in the use of antimicrobials and the effects on productivity of swine farms in Denmark

Performance and diarrhoea in piglets following weaning at seven weeks of age: Challenge with E. coli O 149 and effect of dietary factors

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