THE EFFECT OF AN ALTERNATIVE FOOD SUPPLY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO <i>TYPHLODROMUS</i> SPECIES AND <i>PANONYCHUS ULMI</i> (KOCH) (ACARINA)

Collyer, Elsie

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1964.tb02429.x

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Various researchers have shown that addition of non-prey food for predators can result in improved control of pests (Collyer 1964;Karban et al 1994;Hanna et al 1997;Walde et al 1997;Liu et al 2006). The mechanism causing this is similar to that of apparent competition; the addition of non-prey food results in an increase of predator numbers, which results in a decrease of pest densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pollen subsidies promote whitefly control through the numerical response of predatory mites

2009

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Several studies have shown that biological control of pests can be improved by supplying extra food to natural enemies. This increases population levels of the enemies, resulting in decreases in pest densities. In theory, however, supplying food can also have negative effects on biological control. We specifically tested for such negative effects, using a predator-prey system consisting of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and a predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot). This predator attacks eggs and young instars of the whitefly, but also feeds on pollen. We added pollen to populations of predators and whiteflies on isolated cucumber plants. Although the set-up of our experiments would favour the occurrence of a negative effect of the addition of pollen on biological control, we found increased control throughout the experiment. This shows that the control of whiteflies by A. swirskii can be improved by supplementing the predators with pollen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pollen subsidies promote whitefly control through the numerical response of predatory mites

2009

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“…In the latter case, predator satiation results in a short-term positive indirect interaction between its prey species. With respect to biological control, some studies have indeed demonstrated that the control of a pest species can be improved by the presence of another pest species (Collyer 1964;Karban et al 1994;Liu et al 2006;Messelink et al 2008), whereas disruption of biological control through predator satiation in the shortterm has also been demonstrated (Koss and Snyder 2005;Symondson et al 2006). So far, both theory and experiments on the effects of a shared predator have ignored the effects of a mixed diet on predator populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest species diversity enhances control of spider mites and whiteflies by a generalist phytoseiid predator

Messelink¹,

Maanen

Holstein-Saj³

et al. 2009

BioControl

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To test the hypothesis that pest species diversity enhances biological pest control with generalist predators, we studied the dynamics of three major pest species on greenhouse cucumber: Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch in combination with the predator species Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot. When spider mites infested plants prior to predator release, predatory mites were not capable of controlling spider mite populations in the absence of other pest species. A laboratory experiment showed that predators were hindered by the webbing of spider mites. In a greenhouse experiment, spider mite leaf damage was lower in the presence of thrips and predators than in the presence of whiteflies and predators, but damage was lowest in the presence of thrips, whiteflies and predators. Whitefly control was also improved in the presence of thrips. The lower levels of spider mite leaf damage probably resulted from (1) a strong numerical response of the predator (up to 50 times higher densities) when a second and third pest species were present in addition to spider mites, and (2) from A. swirskii attacking mobile spider mite stages outside or near the edges of the spider mite webbing. Interactions of spider mites with thrips and whiteflies might also result in suppression of spider mites. However, when predators were released prior to spider mite infestations in the absence of other pest species, but with pollen as food for the predators, we found increased suppression of spider mites with increased numbers of predators released, confirming the role of predators in spider mite control. Thus, our study provides evidence that diversity of pest species can enhance biological control through increased predator densities.

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“…A.finlandicus is considered to be an important predator of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and rust mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) on apple (Malus Xdomestica Borkh.) (Collyer, 1958(Collyer, , 1964van de Vrie, 1975;Genini etal., 1983;Sechser et al, 1984;Schausberger, 1991). This species is a polyphagous facultative predator that can also feed on pollen, honeydew, fungal spores (KropczynskaLinkiewicz, 1971), thrips larvae (Schausberger, 1990) and tyroglyphid and tarsonemid mites (Karg et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Egg-harvesting allows large scale rearing ofAmblyseius finlandicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory

Kostiainen

Hoy

1994

Exp Appl Acarol

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Kostiainen, T. and Hoy, M.A., 1994. Egg-harvesting allows large scale rearing of Amblyseius finlandicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 18: 155-165.An improved method to rear Amblyseiusfinlandicus (Oudemans) in the laboratory is described that allows large numbers to be produced. Mites developed faster and had a higher ovipositional rate when fed on pollen and reared on a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf substrate than when fed on pollen on an artificial arena. Two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were an inferior food source for A. finlandicus mainly because of their profuse webbing. A. finlandicus was able to develop and reproduce on all 11 types of pollen tested although immature mortality was high on cedar (Cedrus sp.) pollen. Total number of mites increased almost 100-fold in three weeks on bean leaf substrate when eggs were collected and transferred (= egg-harvesting) in cotton tufts from the base colonies every two or three days to initiate new colonies. Only about a 13-fold population increase occurred when egg-harvesting was not employed, probably due to a combination of cannibalism and reduced fecundity. Egg-harvesting using cotton tufts is especially suitable for large scale rearing of species like A. finlandicus that are cannibalistic and/or lay fewer eggs with increasing population density. In addition, the phytoseiids Amblyseius reductus Wainstein and Anthoseius rhenanus (Oudemans) were reared successfully on pollen and spider mites using either leaf or artificial arenas. This is the first record of successful rearing ofA. rhenanus in the laboratory and ofA. reductus in the laboratory on pollen.

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THE EFFECT OF AN ALTERNATIVE FOOD SUPPLY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO TYPHLODROMUS SPECIES AND PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH) (ACARINA)

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Pollen subsidies promote whitefly control through the numerical response of predatory mites

Pollen subsidies promote whitefly control through the numerical response of predatory mites

Pest species diversity enhances control of spider mites and whiteflies by a generalist phytoseiid predator

Egg-harvesting allows large scale rearing ofAmblyseius finlandicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory

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