The Effect of a Single Breath of 100% Oxygen on Breathing in Infants at 1, 2, and 3 Months of Age

Parks, Y A; Beardsmore, Caroline; MacFadyen, U M; Pallot, D. J.; Goodenough, Paul C.; Carpenter, Robert J.; Simpson, Hamish

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/144.1.141

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The within/between comparisons (table 1) gave results comparable with those observed using single-breath oxygen test method [4,6]. With the alternating breath test we observed a large coefficient of variation within a single day: results for alternations in tidal volume, inspiratory time and instantaneous ventilation were 39, 51 and 32%, respectively, even after controlling for experimental conditions and relevant covariates.…”

Section: Quantitation Of the Chemical Stimulussupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Those utilizing prolonged hypoxia [1] or hyperoxia [2] are limited by the interaction of oxygen and carbon dioxide chemoreflexes and ethical concerns about the degree and duration of hypoxia. Transient hyperoxic methods measure the ventilatory response to brief inhibition of carotid body activity [3,4]. Transient hypoxic methods adapted for use in infancy [5] have utilized alternate breaths of hypoxic and normoxic gases, thereby highlighting the dynamic activity of peripheral chemoreceptors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in infants have established that peripheral chemoresponsiveness is largely genetically determined [6], and that responses at birth are small [3] but increase thereafter and remain stable between 1-3 months [4,7]. Weaker peripheral chemoresponses have been reported in infants with resolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a group at increased risk for sudden infant death [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Peripheral chemoresponses of infants measured by a minimally invasive method utilizing two-breath alternations in Fl,02

Thomas¹,

Poole²,

McArdle³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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The aim of this study was to develop a minimally invasive and reliable method for measuring peripheral chemoresponsiveness to oxygen in infants, and to establish baseline data from normal infants at 12 weeks of age. Two-breath alternations in fractional inspired oxygen (FI,O 2 ), switching between 0.42 to 0.00 were given for 2 min periods via a face mask (held close to the face but without contact) to 18 healthy infants during quiet sleep. End-tidal oxygen concentrations alternated between 21 and 11%. Instantaneous minute ventilation (V ' 'E) and its components tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR) inspiratory and expiratory times (tI and tE), inspiratory flow (VT/tI), and inspiratory duty cycle (tI/ttot) were measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography. Two-breath alternations in each of the ventilatory components were matched with the corresponding alternating end-tidal oxygen record and compared with contiguous pre-and post-test data obtained in control periods of air breathing.Alternations in all ventilatory components except f R changed significantly during FI,O 2 alternations; VT 26%, tE -8%, VT/tI 18%, tI/ttot 11% and V ' 'E 28% of baseline values. Within and between infant variances are reported for the individual components of ventilation. Differences among infants were best detected by alternations in V ' 'E; within infant variance 76, between infant variance 171.We conclude that the test described is a safe, reliable and relatively easily applied method of measuring peripheral chemoresponsiveness, which is suitable for clinical application in infancy.

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Section: Quantitation Of the Chemical Stimulussupporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral chemoresponses of infants measured by a minimally invasive method utilizing two-breath alternations in Fl,02

Thomas¹,

Poole²,

McArdle³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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“…That breathing could be influenced by bolus exposure to low CO2 concentrations can be argued on the premise that the respiratory system is designed to maintain stability by responding very rapidly to small changes in blood gases. For oxygen, this sensitivity is exemplified by the peripheral chemoreceptormediated decrease in ventilation which has been measured in the first 10 sec after a single breath of 100% O2 in 1-3 mon old infants (Parks et al, 1991). As Rigatto et al (1991) have also pointed out, experiments designed to assess the responsiveness of the respiratory system to very brief CO2 challenges would probably be more meaningful as measures of chemoreceptor sensitivity than the steady state and rebreathing methods now in use which utilize artificially prolonged and high levels of hypercapnia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Mosko

Richard

McKenna

et al. 1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of human infant mortality after the neonatal period in Western countries. Recently, child care practices have been shown to be important in determining infant vulnerability to SIDS. However, very little is known about the impact of parent-infant cosleeping on infant sleep physiology and behavior and SIDS risk. This reflects the failure of Western societal research paradigms to appreciate the human infant's evolutionary history of cosleeping, the recency of the emergence of solitary infant sleeping as a practice and the fact that parent-infant cosleeping is still the preferred sleeping arrangement for the majority of contemporary societies. Incorporating current hypotheses on the mechanisms of SIDS, we have hypothesized that the comparatively sensory-rich cosleeping environment might be protective against SIDS in some contexts. As a first step to characterize cosleeping environments, this investigation is aimed at assessing, in routinely bedsharing mothers and infants, their relative sleeping positions and the potential for sleeping in close face-to face proximity and for infant exposure to increased environmental CO2 produced by maternal respiration. The latter is important in that breathing elevated levels of CO2 can have diverse effects, ranging from respiratory stimulation at low levels to suffocation at very high levels. Two related laboratory studies were performed. In the first, all-night videotapes of 12 healthy, routinely bedsharing mother-infant pairs were analyzed for sleeping positions and time spent in face-to-face orientation and distances separating their faces. Infants were 11-15 wk old. Mothers predominantly positioned themselves on their sides facing their infants, with the infants placed either supine or on their sides. Mothers and infants slept oriented face-to-face for 64 +/- 27% (S.D.) of non-movement time, with distance less than 20 cm commonly separating their faces. In the second study, concentrations of CO2 in air were measured in six young women at distances of up to 21 cm from their nares. Peak expiratory CO2 concentrations remained above 1.0% at distances up to 9 cm and above 0.5% at 18 cm. Both baseline and peak CO2 levels were further increased at all distances when measured within a partial air pocket created to simulate a bedding environment sometimes seen during bedsharing. We conclude that during bedsharing there is potential for 1) a high degree of face-to-face orientation and close proximity and consequently 2) increased environmental CO2, as a result of maternal respiration, to non-lethal levels that might stimulate infant respiration. The close proximity would also maximize the sensory impact of the mother on the infant through other modalities. We also suggest that bedsharing may minimize prone infant positioning, a known risk factor for SIDS.

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“…Thus, primarily using oxygen as a test gas, and washing out nitrogen from the lung may help to keep costs under control and to streamline transition into clinical practice. Apart from neonates and very young infants who may be subject to changes in breathing pattern, or even develop retinopathy when exposed to high concentrations of inspired oxygen [29,30], nitrogen washout may eventually become the preferred setup from preschool age right through to late adulthood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Consensus statement on inert gas washout measurement: at the threshold of clinical use

Schulzke

Frey

2013

Eur Respir J

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The Effect of a Single Breath of 100% Oxygen on Breathing in Infants at 1, 2, and 3 Months of Age

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Peripheral chemoresponses of infants measured by a minimally invasive method utilizing two-breath alternations in Fl,02

Peripheral chemoresponses of infants measured by a minimally invasive method utilizing two-breath alternations in Fl,02

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Consensus statement on inert gas washout measurement: at the threshold of clinical use

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