The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Validation for an Australian Sample

Boyce, Philip; Stubbs, Joanne M.; Todd, Angela

doi:10.3109/00048679309075805

Cited by 307 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our study of the Persian version of EPDS suggested that the best cutoff scores for major depression and combined depression were 12=13 and 11=12, respectively (Table 1). In studies by Cox et al (1987), Boyce et al (1993), Lee et al (1998), and others (Eberhard-Gran et al 2001), the same cutoff score (i.e., 12=13) has been recommended. It must be mentioned that in this cutoff, 4.7% of the cases remained undiagnosed and 12.1% were falsely labeled as major depressives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that it is valid and reliable as a screening tool for postpartum depression (Cox et al 1987). Since 1987 numerous validation studies have been carried out with most of them reporting satisfactory psychometric properties (Harris et al 1989;Murray and Carothers 1990;Boyce et al 1993;O'Hara et al 1994;Gubash et al 1997;Guedeney and Fermanian 1998;Berle et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in an Iranian sample

Mazhari

Nakhaee

2007

Arch Womens Ment Health

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SummaryBackground: Considering the adverse effects of postpartum depression on both mother and infant, a screening instrument for early diagnosis seems to be of importance.Aims: To assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on a sample of Iranian postpartum women.Method: The EPDS was translated and back-translated in the standard method. The questionnaire was completed by 600 postpartum women. Hundred cases with an EPDS score of !9 and 100 cases with an EPDS of <9 were randomly selected for interview. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and receiver operating characteristics were calculated by comparing the EPDS sum score against the DSM-IV diagnoses. The correlation coefficient of the EPDS score with GHQ-12 score was calculated. Principal component analysis and internal consistency were assessed.Results: The best cutoff scores for major depression were 12=13 with a sensitivity and specificity of 95.3% and 87.9%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the total score of the Persian version of EPDS with the GHQ-12 total score was 0.76 (P < 0.001). A two-factor solution was selected as the most appropriate model based on both values and the score plot. The coefficient alpha for the whole scale was 0.83.Conclusion: The Persian version of EPDS is a reliable and valid measure for detecting postpartum depression. Furthermore, it seems acceptable to patients and a valid screening instrument for depression in postpartum women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in an Iranian sample

Mazhari

Nakhaee

2007

Arch Womens Ment Health

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“…Both the EPDS and the PHQ-9 have been validated against formal psychiatric interviews in several previous studies. [13][14][15][16][17][18]25,26,28,39,41,42,46 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to Assess Increased Risk of Depression among Postpartum Women

Yawn

Pace²,

Wollan³

et al. 2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Objectives:To compare the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as screening tools for postpartum depression.Methods: This study population included the first 500 women to enroll and return their packets during an ongoing study of postpartum depression.Results: The primary outcome of this study was to find rates of concordance and discordance in the EPDS and PHQ-9 categories of "normal" and "increased risk for major depressive disorder." Overall, 97% of eligible women enrolled and 70% returned the packets that included the EPDS and PHQ-9. Four hundred eighty-one of the first 500 packets had complete data, with elevated EPDS or PHQ-9 scores in 138 and 132 women, respectively. Concordance of the EPDS and PHQ-9 were present in 399 women (83%): 326 (67.8%) had "normal" score on both, and 73 (15.2%) had elevated scores for both. Discordant scores in 82 women included 17 with elevated PHQ-9 scores but normal EPDS scores and 65 with elevated EPDS scores and PHQ-9 scores <10. In multivariate logistic regression modeling, only age >30 and low education level were predictive of discordant scores, using EPDS and PHQ-9 scores of >10 as elevated (odds ratio, 1.9 and P ‫؍‬ .02; and odds ratio, 2.3 and P ‫؍‬ .01, respectively). PHQ-9 scores of 5 to 9 have been referred to as consistent with "mild depressive symptoms" and appropriate for "watchful waiting" and repeat PHQ-9 at follow-up. Using this follow-up approach would require reevaluation of 120 (25%) of the women screened.Conclusions: Postpartum depression screening is feasible in primary care practices, and for most women the EPDS and PHQ-9 scores were concordant. Further work is required to identify reasons for the 17% discordant scores as well as to provide definitive recommendations for PHQ-9 scores of 5 to 9.

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“…The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used, 10-item rating scale developed for the detection of depression in postpartum women 24 and has been validated for an Australian sample 25 . The other questionnaire used, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), is a 65-item analytically-derived factor-inventory 26 which measures six dimensions of mood including five negative ratings (tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia, confusion-bewilderment, depression-dejection) and one positive rating of mood, vigour-activity.…”

Section: Operative Intervention and Mother-infant Interaction 1069mentioning

confidence: 99%

Operative intervention in delivery is associated with compromised early mother‐infant interaction

Rowe-Murray¹,

Fisher

2001

BJOG

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Objective To investigate the effects of mode and place of delivery on first mother-infant contact and maternal emotional wellbeing. Design A prospective, longitudinal study. Participants A sociodemographically representative sample of 203 consecutive primiparous women was recruited, of whom 81% (n ¼ 164) were followed up. Setting Four metropolitan hospitals, including one accredited baby friendly hospital, in Melbourne, Australia, 1997. Methods During the postnatal hospital stay women were interviewed and medical records were inspected.Participants completed two self-report psychometric measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Profile of Moods States (POMS). Follow up at eight months postpartum comprised completion of a postal questionnaire and repeat administration of the standardised self-report psychometric mood questionnaires. Results The First Contact Index provides a measure of the first contact between a mother and her baby after the birth. Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in First Contact Index between three modes of delivery groups: spontaneous, instrumentally-assisted, and caesarean section (P , 0.001) and four hospital of delivery groups (P , 0.001), but there was no significant interaction effect (P ¼ 0.55). Significant negative correlations existed between the First Contact Index and both the POMS and EPDS scores at two days postpartum (POMS, r ¼ -0.339, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.22; EPDS, r ¼ -0.279, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.16), even within delivery groups, and these were still present at eight months postpartum (POMS, r ¼ -0.298, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.14, EPDS, r ¼ -0.206, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.03). Conclusion Instrumental and surgical delivery exert a negative impact on first postnatal contact between a mother and her baby which has persistent adverse maternal emotional correlates. Hospital practices associated with obstetric intervention in delivery also varied and are amenable to change, enabling optimal first motherbaby interaction regardless of mode of delivery.

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The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Validation for an Australian Sample

Cited by 307 publications

References 12 publications

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in an Iranian sample

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in an Iranian sample

Concordance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to Assess Increased Risk of Depression among Postpartum Women

Operative intervention in delivery is associated with compromised early mother‐infant interaction

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