The East Pacific Rise Between 9°N and 10°N: Twenty-Five Years of Integrated, Multidisciplinary Oceanic Spreading Center Studies

Abstract

, 1976;Francheteau et al., 1979; RISE Project Group, 1980;Francheteau and Ballard, 1983; Hekinian et al., 1983a,b;Lonsdale, 1983;Macdonald and Fox, 1983;Fustec et al., 1987;Fox and Gallo, 1989;Pockalny et al., 1997). One of the seminal findings from the early use of academic multibeam sonars was that the elongate fast-spreading ridge axis was actually divided into discontinuous segments Fox, 1983, 1988;Lonsdale, 1983 e.g., Detrick et al., 1987;Vera et al., 1990;Kent et al., 1993;Harding et al., 1993;Toomey et al., 1994;Wilcock et al., 1995;Barth and Mutter, 1996; Toomey, 1997, 2001;Dunn et al., 2000). Wright et al., 1995;Shank et al., 1998; Fornari et al., 1998a,b;Perfit and Chadwick, 1998;White et al., 2002White et al., , 2006. These studies began to

Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: One of the Most Remarkable Places on Earth

“…Kellogg, 2011). This correlation suggests that the earthquakes are intimately linked to the processes of hydrothermal heat extraction, similar to findings at the EPR (Fornari et al, 2012, in (McClain et al, 1993) or that the axial earthquakes were a manifestation of thermal stresses induced by hydrothermal cooling (Wilcock et al, 2002). (Hooft et al, 2010).…”

“…The higher frequency and abundance of both sulfide structures and diffuse-flow sites at Endeavour versus the EPR likely reflect the relative stability of heat sources and longer periods between eruptive events at Endeavour that maintain permeability pathways. In contrast, the higher frequency of eruptive events at the EPR leads to disruption of flow paths and/or covering of hydrothermal flow sites by lava (see Fornari et al, 2012, in this issue).…”

Exploring the Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in a Metacommunity Framework

“…On the EPR, within 5 years of each eruption, rapid and sequential colonizations were observed from white bacterial mats, to the small siboglinid tubeworm Tevnia jerichonana, to the giant tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, and to the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus (Shank et al, 1998;Fornari et al, 2012). The transition from Tevnia to Riftia appears to correspond to waning vent fluid flux but may also be influenced by biogenic settlement cues (Mullineaux et al, 2000;Sievert and Vetriani, 2012).…”

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

“…This variation suggests that the short-lived eruption was fed by multiple small, isolated lenses of compositionally unrelated magmas from a complex magma delivery and storage network. Fornari et al, 2012, andKelley et al, 2012, both …”