The Early Phase of Cryogenic Lesions: An Experimental Model of Seizures Updated

Abstract

Following cryogenic lesions in 64 rabbits, epileptic activity and gray matter edema were correlatively investigated during the initial phase (23 h). Indexes were developed to allow a quantitative assessment of epileptic activity. The indexes demonstrated that the early phase of cryogenic epilepsy is a very rapid phenomenon during the first 4 h postlesion. Epileptic activity precedes brain edema, and in individual animals, there is a significant positive correlation between the total amount of epileptic activity and the total amount of edema. The relationship between epileptic activity and brain edema are most likely interrelated at the level of pathophysiological mechanisms and several mechanisms can be postulated.

The Palm-Sized Cryoprobe System Based on Refrigerant Expansion and Boiling and Its Application to an Animal Model of Epilepsy

“…The lesion sites of the epileptic responses are mainly developed through the formation of acute edema [30], [31], [43], gliosis [29], [30], extracellular fluid [25], [30], slowly developing chemical changes [27], and significant decreases in glutamic acid, glutamine, and glutathione [21]. In addition, Spencer and Kandel reported that epileptogenic lesions destroy some inhibitory mechanism [42], and Bickford and Klass have similarly suggested that "system failure" rather than an "epileptic neuron" is instrumental in epileptogenesis [29], [44].…”

“…Freeze-induced epilepsy is often considered to be a highly transient phenomenon, useful mainly for acute physiological studies [29]. Electrocorticographic evidence of epileptic discharge usually begins within a few hours of cerebral cortex freezing and lasts up to several days [19], [31], [32], [40], [41].…”

The Palm-Sized Cryoprobe System Based on Refrigerant Expansion and Boiling and Its Application to an Animal Model of Epilepsy

“…The lesion sites of the epileptic responses are mainly developed through the formation of acute edema [30], [31], [43], gliosis [29], [30], extracellular fluid [25], [30], slowly developing chemical changes [27], and significant decreases in glutamic acid, glutamine, and glutathione [21]. In addition, Spencer and Kandel reported that epileptogenic lesions destroy some inhibitory mechanism [42], and Bickford and Klass have similarly suggested that "system failure" rather than an "epileptic neuron" is instrumental in epileptogenesis [29], [44].…”

“…Freeze-induced epilepsy is often considered to be a highly transient phenomenon, useful mainly for acute physiological studies [29]. Electrocorticographic evidence of epileptic discharge usually begins within a few hours of cerebral cortex freezing and lasts up to several days [19], [31], [32], [40], [41].…”

Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo

“…Some experiments studied wound healing [85,195]. Other experiments focused on the therapy of brain injury or had the treatment of brain tumors in mind [10,31,32,118,217,219]. Progress in clinical application of cryosurgery to the treatment of brain tumors depends upon improved imaging control.…”

The Palm-Sized Cryoprobe System Based on Refrigerant Expansion and Boiling and Its Application to an Animal Model of Epilepsy

“…The lesion sites of the epileptic responses are mainly developed through the formation of acute edema [30], [31], [43], gliosis [29], [30], extracellular fluid [25], [30], slowly developing chemical changes [27], and significant decreases in glutamic acid, glutamine, and glutathione [21]. In addition, Spencer and Kandel reported that epileptogenic lesions destroy some inhibitory mechanism [42], and Bickford and Klass have similarly suggested that "system failure" rather than an "epileptic neuron" is instrumental in epileptogenesis [29], [44].…”

“…Freeze-induced epilepsy is often considered to be a highly transient phenomenon, useful mainly for acute physiological studies [29]. Electrocorticographic evidence of epileptic discharge usually begins within a few hours of cerebral cortex freezing and lasts up to several days [19], [31], [32], [40], [41].…”

Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo

“…Some experiments studied wound healing [85,195]. Other experiments focused on the therapy of brain injury or had the treatment of brain tumors in mind [10,31,32,118,217,219]. Progress in clinical application of cryosurgery to the treatment of brain tumors depends upon improved imaging control.…”

The Palm-Sized Cryoprobe System Based on Refrigerant Expansion and Boiling and Its Application to an Animal Model of Epilepsy

“…The lesion sites of the epileptic responses are mainly developed through the formation of acute edema [30], [31], [43], gliosis [29], [30], extracellular fluid [25], [30], slowly developing chemical changes [27], and significant decreases in glutamic acid, glutamine, and glutathione [21]. In addition, Spencer and Kandel reported that epileptogenic lesions destroy some inhibitory mechanism [42], and Bickford and Klass have similarly suggested that "system failure" rather than an "epileptic neuron" is instrumental in epileptogenesis [29], [44].…”

“…Freeze-induced epilepsy is often considered to be a highly transient phenomenon, useful mainly for acute physiological studies [29]. Electrocorticographic evidence of epileptic discharge usually begins within a few hours of cerebral cortex freezing and lasts up to several days [19], [31], [32], [40], [41].…”

Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo

“…Some experiments studied wound healing [85,195]. Other experiments focused on the therapy of brain injury or had the treatment of brain tumors in mind [10,31,32,118,217,219]. Progress in clinical application of cryosurgery to the treatment of brain tumors depends upon improved imaging control.…”