The dynamic organic p–n junction

Matyba, Piotr; Maturová, K Klara; Kemerink, Martijn; Robinson, Nathaniel D.; Edman, Ludvig

doi:10.1038/nmat2478

Cited by 307 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This doping can be viewed as electrostatic stabilization of injected electronic charges in the conjugated polymer by injected anions or cations. Note, in this context, the strong similarity to the dynamic doping process occurring in LECs [14,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Photoluminescence quenching in films of conjugated polymers by electrochemical doping

et al. 2014

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An important loss mechanism in organic electroluminescent devices is exciton quenching by polarons. Gradual electrochemical doping of various conjugated polymer films enabled the determination of the doping density dependence of photoluminescence quenching. Electrochemical doping was achieved by contacting the film with a solid electrochemical gate and an injecting contact. A sharp reduction in photoluminescence was observed for doping densities between 10 18 and 10 19 cm −3 . The doping density dependence is quantitatively modeled by exciton diffusion in a homogeneous density of polarons followed by either Förster resonance energy transfer or charge transfer. Both mechanisms need to be considered to describe polaron-induced exciton quenching. Thus, to reduce exciton-polaron quenching in organic optoelectronic devices, both mechanisms must be prevented by reducing the exciton diffusion, the spectral overlap, the doping density, or a combination thereof.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Photoluminescence quenching in films of conjugated polymers by electrochemical doping

et al. 2014

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“…Therefore, we believe that our experimentally established 'design rules' to finetune the coupling of molecular orbitals with the electrodes are particularly important for the rational design of molecular electronic devices, and are broadly applicable to other devices where metal-or semiconductor-organic interfaces have a key role, ranging from organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes to biomolecular devices 51,52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the direction of rectification in a molecular diode

et al. 2015

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A challenge in molecular electronics is to control the strength of the molecule-electrode coupling to optimize device performance. Here we show that non-covalent contacts between the active molecular component (in this case, ferrocenyl of a ferrocenyl-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM)) and the electrodes allow for robust coupling with minimal energy broadening of the molecular level, precisely what is required to maximize the rectification ratio of a molecular diode. In contrast, strong chemisorbed contacts through the ferrocenyl result in large energy broadening, leakage currents and poor device performance. By gradually shifting the ferrocenyl from the top to the bottom of the SAM, we map the shape of the electrostatic potential profile across the molecules and we are able to control the direction of rectification by tuning the ferrocenyl-electrode coupling parameters. Our demonstrated control of the molecule-electrode coupling is important for rational design of materials that rely on charge transport across organic-inorganic interfaces.

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] An LEC actually makes use of the mobility of the ions for the in-situ electrochemical formation of doped conjugated polymer regions at the electrode interfaces, and the subsequent establishment of a light-emitting p-n junction within the bulk of the active material, under the direction of an externally applied voltage. [26,27] However, the pn junction in LECs is dynamic and only stable as long as the applied voltage remains, and for applications where a fast, repeatable response and rectification of current and light emission are required this represents a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-demand photochemical stabilization of doping in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Tang

Edman

2011

Electrochimica Acta

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A highly functional p-n junction doping structure can be realized within a light-emitting electrochemical cell under applied voltage via ion redistribution and electrochemical doping. This doping structure will however dissipate when the formation voltage is removed due to the mobility of the dopant counter-ions. A number of concepts aimed at a spatial immobilization of the ions and the related stabilization of the doping structure have been presented, but they all suffer from long and poorly controlled stabilization periods and/or unpractical operational conditions. Here, we introduce a markedly fast and easy-to-control stabilization procedure involving the inclusion of a UV-sensitive photo-initiator compound into a carefully tuned active material in an light-emitting electrochemical cell device, and demonstrate that it is possible to cross-link the ions and stabilize the p-n junction doping via a short UV exposure step executed at room temperature.

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The dynamic organic p–n junction

Cited by 307 publications

References 49 publications

Photoluminescence quenching in films of conjugated polymers by electrochemical doping

Photoluminescence quenching in films of conjugated polymers by electrochemical doping

Controlling the direction of rectification in a molecular diode

On-demand photochemical stabilization of doping in light-emitting electrochemical cells

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