The djungarian hamster, a laboratory animal with inappropriate hyperglycaemia

Decreased Tissue Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Glycosuric Djungarian Hamsters (Phodopus Sungorus) that is Correctable with Insulin

“…Ketonuria and glycosuria are present together in only 10% of these hamsters. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma triglycerides are significantly elevated in glycosuric and ketonuric hamsters as compared to hamsters with ketonuria only (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern and Kley 1980).…”

“…It should be noted, however, that the present animals although not hyperglycemic are not completely normal in that they are ketonuric. Ketonuria in these animals is due to increased urinary acetone concentrations (Herberg and Kiihnle, unpublished) in the presence of normal acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in blood and urine (Herberg et al 1980). The present findings are in agreement with the in vitro findings that insulin can increase cyclic GMP levels in mouse fibroblasts in culture (Sheppard 1972;Goldberg, Haddox, Dunham, Lopez and Hadden 197'4) and in rat diaphragm (Walaas, Walaas and Gronnerod 1974).…”

Decreased Tissue Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Glycosuric Djungarian Hamsters (Phodopus Sungorus) that is Correctable with Insulin

“…Ketonuria and glycosuria are present together in only 10% of these hamsters. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma triglycerides are significantly elevated in glycosuric and ketonuric hamsters as compared to hamsters with ketonuria only (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern and Kley 1980).…”

“…It should be noted, however, that the present animals although not hyperglycemic are not completely normal in that they are ketonuric. Ketonuria in these animals is due to increased urinary acetone concentrations (Herberg and Kiihnle, unpublished) in the presence of normal acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in blood and urine (Herberg et al 1980). The present findings are in agreement with the in vitro findings that insulin can increase cyclic GMP levels in mouse fibroblasts in culture (Sheppard 1972;Goldberg, Haddox, Dunham, Lopez and Hadden 197'4) and in rat diaphragm (Walaas, Walaas and Gronnerod 1974).…”

Regulation of plasma immunoreactive glucagon in obese hyperglycaemic ( ob / ob ) mice

“…Hyperglucagonaemia has been noted in human type I and type II diabetes mellitus (Unger & Orci,198le) and in spontaneously diabetic rodents, including fatty (fa/fa) rats (Seino, Seino, Takemura, Tsuda, Kuzuya, Ishikawa, Shimazu & Imura, 1981), KK mice (Ohneda, Kobayashi, Nihei & Nishikawa, 1981), db/db mice (Herberg, Berger, Buchanan, Gries & Kern, 1976;Leiter, Coleman, Eisenstein & Strack, 1980), BB rats (Nakhooda, Like, Chappel, Murray & Marliss, 1976) and djungarian hamsters (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern & Kley, 1980). The present study demonstrates that basal plasma glucagon concentrations were inappropriately raised in Aston ob/ob mice, as reported for this mutation on other genetic backgrounds (Lavine et al 1975;Mahler et al 1976;Dubuc et al 1977;Dunbar & Walsh, 1980).…”

What can seasonal models teach us about energy balance?

“…Irrespective of variability, the overall elevated glucose levels in Djungarian hamsters resemble early symptoms of diabetes mellitus and are accompanied with a peripheral insulin insensitivity (Herberg et al 1980). This apparently pathologic condition with high blood glucose levels as well as body and fat mass characterizes the physiology of long photoperiod-adapted hamsters (Tian et al 2017).…”

“…Applying general knowledge of glucose metabolism to Djungarian hamsters is difficult because many of these animals exhibit a genetically determined inappropriate hyperglycemia with high plasma glucose levels of up to approximately 250 mg/dL, as opposed to rats (160 mg/dL), mice (190 mg/dL) or humans (110 mg/dL) (He et al 2017). This often results in an early onset of ketonuria and glycosuria, associated with glucose levels even higher than 300 mg/dL (Herberg et al 1980). The documented blood glucose concentrations of healthy hamsters under long photoperiod conditions vary in a broad range between 70 and 250 mg/dL, although the majority of studies report mean values between 100 and 150 mg/dL (Vesely & Herberg 1981, Bartness & Clein 1994, Bartness et al 1995, Garcia et al 2010, Carlton & Demas 2017, Lewis et al 2017, Cázarez-Márquez et al 2019.…”

Decreased Tissue Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Glycosuric Djungarian Hamsters (Phodopus Sungorus) that is Correctable with Insulin

“…Ketonuria and glycosuria are present together in only 10% of these hamsters. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma triglycerides are significantly elevated in glycosuric and ketonuric hamsters as compared to hamsters with ketonuria only (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern and Kley 1980).…”

“…It should be noted, however, that the present animals although not hyperglycemic are not completely normal in that they are ketonuric. Ketonuria in these animals is due to increased urinary acetone concentrations (Herberg and Kiihnle, unpublished) in the presence of normal acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in blood and urine (Herberg et al 1980). The present findings are in agreement with the in vitro findings that insulin can increase cyclic GMP levels in mouse fibroblasts in culture (Sheppard 1972;Goldberg, Haddox, Dunham, Lopez and Hadden 197'4) and in rat diaphragm (Walaas, Walaas and Gronnerod 1974).…”

Regulation of plasma immunoreactive glucagon in obese hyperglycaemic ( ob / ob ) mice

“…Hyperglucagonaemia has been noted in human type I and type II diabetes mellitus (Unger & Orci,198le) and in spontaneously diabetic rodents, including fatty (fa/fa) rats (Seino, Seino, Takemura, Tsuda, Kuzuya, Ishikawa, Shimazu & Imura, 1981), KK mice (Ohneda, Kobayashi, Nihei & Nishikawa, 1981), db/db mice (Herberg, Berger, Buchanan, Gries & Kern, 1976;Leiter, Coleman, Eisenstein & Strack, 1980), BB rats (Nakhooda, Like, Chappel, Murray & Marliss, 1976) and djungarian hamsters (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern & Kley, 1980). The present study demonstrates that basal plasma glucagon concentrations were inappropriately raised in Aston ob/ob mice, as reported for this mutation on other genetic backgrounds (Lavine et al 1975;Mahler et al 1976;Dubuc et al 1977;Dunbar & Walsh, 1980).…”

What can seasonal models teach us about energy balance?

“…Irrespective of variability, the overall elevated glucose levels in Djungarian hamsters resemble early symptoms of diabetes mellitus and are accompanied with a peripheral insulin insensitivity (Herberg et al 1980). This apparently pathologic condition with high blood glucose levels as well as body and fat mass characterizes the physiology of long photoperiod-adapted hamsters (Tian et al 2017).…”

“…Applying general knowledge of glucose metabolism to Djungarian hamsters is difficult because many of these animals exhibit a genetically determined inappropriate hyperglycemia with high plasma glucose levels of up to approximately 250 mg/dL, as opposed to rats (160 mg/dL), mice (190 mg/dL) or humans (110 mg/dL) (He et al 2017). This often results in an early onset of ketonuria and glycosuria, associated with glucose levels even higher than 300 mg/dL (Herberg et al 1980). The documented blood glucose concentrations of healthy hamsters under long photoperiod conditions vary in a broad range between 70 and 250 mg/dL, although the majority of studies report mean values between 100 and 150 mg/dL (Vesely & Herberg 1981, Bartness & Clein 1994, Bartness et al 1995, Garcia et al 2010, Carlton & Demas 2017, Lewis et al 2017, Cázarez-Márquez et al 2019.…”

Decreased Tissue Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Glycosuric Djungarian Hamsters (Phodopus Sungorus) that is Correctable with Insulin

“…Ketonuria and glycosuria are present together in only 10% of these hamsters. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma triglycerides are significantly elevated in glycosuric and ketonuric hamsters as compared to hamsters with ketonuria only (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern and Kley 1980).…”

“…It should be noted, however, that the present animals although not hyperglycemic are not completely normal in that they are ketonuric. Ketonuria in these animals is due to increased urinary acetone concentrations (Herberg and Kiihnle, unpublished) in the presence of normal acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in blood and urine (Herberg et al 1980). The present findings are in agreement with the in vitro findings that insulin can increase cyclic GMP levels in mouse fibroblasts in culture (Sheppard 1972;Goldberg, Haddox, Dunham, Lopez and Hadden 197'4) and in rat diaphragm (Walaas, Walaas and Gronnerod 1974).…”

Regulation of plasma immunoreactive glucagon in obese hyperglycaemic ( ob / ob ) mice

“…Hyperglucagonaemia has been noted in human type I and type II diabetes mellitus (Unger & Orci,198le) and in spontaneously diabetic rodents, including fatty (fa/fa) rats (Seino, Seino, Takemura, Tsuda, Kuzuya, Ishikawa, Shimazu & Imura, 1981), KK mice (Ohneda, Kobayashi, Nihei & Nishikawa, 1981), db/db mice (Herberg, Berger, Buchanan, Gries & Kern, 1976;Leiter, Coleman, Eisenstein & Strack, 1980), BB rats (Nakhooda, Like, Chappel, Murray & Marliss, 1976) and djungarian hamsters (Herberg, Buchanan, Herbertz, Kern & Kley, 1980). The present study demonstrates that basal plasma glucagon concentrations were inappropriately raised in Aston ob/ob mice, as reported for this mutation on other genetic backgrounds (Lavine et al 1975;Mahler et al 1976;Dubuc et al 1977;Dunbar & Walsh, 1980).…”

What can seasonal models teach us about energy balance?

“…Irrespective of variability, the overall elevated glucose levels in Djungarian hamsters resemble early symptoms of diabetes mellitus and are accompanied with a peripheral insulin insensitivity (Herberg et al 1980). This apparently pathologic condition with high blood glucose levels as well as body and fat mass characterizes the physiology of long photoperiod-adapted hamsters (Tian et al 2017).…”

“…Applying general knowledge of glucose metabolism to Djungarian hamsters is difficult because many of these animals exhibit a genetically determined inappropriate hyperglycemia with high plasma glucose levels of up to approximately 250 mg/dL, as opposed to rats (160 mg/dL), mice (190 mg/dL) or humans (110 mg/dL) (He et al 2017). This often results in an early onset of ketonuria and glycosuria, associated with glucose levels even higher than 300 mg/dL (Herberg et al 1980). The documented blood glucose concentrations of healthy hamsters under long photoperiod conditions vary in a broad range between 70 and 250 mg/dL, although the majority of studies report mean values between 100 and 150 mg/dL (Vesely & Herberg 1981, Bartness & Clein 1994, Bartness et al 1995, Garcia et al 2010, Carlton & Demas 2017, Lewis et al 2017, Cázarez-Márquez et al 2019.…”