The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. In particular, we were interested to investigate the diversity after the 2010 eruption. The sampling was done using plot method by establishing four observation plots with size of each plot was 500 m x 20 m. The orchids found were identified using literature and we calculated the density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and important value index. This study found 24 species of orchids, consisting of 15 species of epiphytic orchids, 6 terrestrial species, 2 holomycotropic species and 1 semiterrestrial species. There were 6 species of orchids with the highest density and 2 species with the highest frequency value. Thrixspermum sp. and Mycaranthes oblitterata were the most dominant species in Tritis based on important value index. Overall, the diversity of orchids in Tritis can be categorized as high, likely because Tritis environment supports the growth of epiphytic orchids, but it is less favorable for the growth of terrestrial, holomycotropic and semiterrestrial orchids. The results of this study can serve as baseline information to monitor the dynamics of orchid diversity and abundance in relation to the highly volcanic activities of Mount Merapi.

Vegetation Analysis of Tree and Pole Community as Part of Succession in Turgo Hill, Yogyakarta

“…The concept of interspecific species affinity describes the preference of certain species to form strong bonds that either encourage or discourage the development of other species (Roziaty & Farisi, 2022) to human intervention is the cause of the loss of biodiversity post 2006 (Agnes et al, 2019;Sutomo et al, 2011). The loss of biodiversity noted by Kurniawan et al, (2020) following the 2010 Merapi eruption has been exacerbated by human intervention on the borders of the Merapi National Park, and includes the loss of species endemic to the Merapi montane rainforest previously observed on Turgo.…”

List of Orchid Species along the Northern Trekking Route of Mount Binaiya, Seram Island, Maluku - Indonesia

“…Seram Island, Maluku, is an island dominated by mountains, so it has many variations in microclimate. Orchids have pan-tropical distribution and are strongly influenced by microclimates as the impact of elevation (Kurniawan et al, 2020;. Elevation occurs structurally in mountain topography.…”

Orchids conservation action and education community based in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

“…These are ornamental plants that belong to the orchidaceous tribe. It is estimated that around 30,000 species of orchids have been identified worldwide, and approximately 5,000 more species of orchids originate from Indonesia [1,2,3]; however, only around 1,500 species have been identified [4]. Approximately 731 orchid species are spread across Java Island, 295 species in Central Java, 390 in East Java, and the rest in West Java [5].…”