The diversity of insect antiviral immunity: insights from viruses

Marques, João Trindade; Imler, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.002

Cited by 75 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Accordingly, experimental inactivation of siRNA pathway components in mosquitoes results in increased arbovirus replication [13–18]. The fact that several insect viruses have evolved suppressors of the siRNA pathway underlines its importance in antiviral immunity [8,19]. Likewise, arboviral gene products have been proposed to act as antagonists of the siRNA pathway in mosquitoes [20–22].…”

Section: Small Rnas In Arboviral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIWIs Go Viral: Arbovirus-Derived piRNAs in Vector Mosquitoes

2016

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Vector mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of the majority of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses. Virus replication in these vectors needs to be sufficiently high to permit efficient virus transfer to vertebrate hosts. The mosquito immune response therefore is a key determinant for arbovirus transmission. Mosquito antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by the small interfering RNA pathway. Besides this well-established antiviral machinery, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway processes viral RNA into piRNAs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in characterizing the biogenesis and function of these viral piRNAs. In this review, we discuss these developments, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest directions for future research.

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Section: Small Rnas In Arboviral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIWIs Go Viral: Arbovirus-Derived piRNAs in Vector Mosquitoes

2016

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“…We used D. melanogaster as a host for infection with Drosophila C virus (DCV), a natural pathogen of Drosophila ( 66 , 67 ). DCV is a non-enveloped, positive-strand picorna-like RNA virus that belongs to the Dicitroviridae genus Cripavirus ( 66 , 68 ). When S2 cells, a Drosophila culture cell line, were incubated with DCV, they underwent apoptosis, as was evident from chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and caspase activation, accompanied by the propagation of the virus ( 69 ).…”

Section: Induction Of Apoptosis and Subsequent Phagocytosis Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Apoptosis and Subsequent Phagocytosis of Virus-Infected Cells As an Antiviral Mechanism

2017

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Viruses are infectious entities that hijack host replication machineries to produce their progeny, resulting, in most cases, in disease and, sometimes, in death in infected host organisms. Hosts are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms that span from innate to adaptive as well as from humoral to cellular immune responses. We previously demonstrated that mouse cells underwent apoptosis in response to influenza virus infection. These apoptotic, virus-infected cells were then targeted for engulfment by macrophages and neutrophils. We more recently reported similar findings in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which lacks adaptive immunity, after an infection with Drosophila C virus. In these experiments, the inhibition of phagocytosis led to severe influenza pathologies in mice and early death in Drosophila. Therefore, the induction of apoptosis and subsequent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells appear to be an antiviral innate immune mechanism that is conserved among multicellular organisms. We herein discuss the underlying mechanisms and significance of the apoptosis-dependent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells. Investigations on the molecular and cellular features responsible for this underrepresented virus–host interaction may provide a promising avenue for the discovery of novel substances that are targeted in medical treatments against virus-induced intractable diseases.

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“…In addition, viruses evolve rapidly, which makes their control by the immune system a never-ending arms race. Investigating virus-host interactions in a wide set of hosts, including insects, can therefore provide interesting insights into fundamental antiviral strategies [12]. Over the last 12 years, a number of groups have started to investigate the genetic basis of antiviral resistance in Drosophila .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and intrinsic antiviral immunity in Drosophila

Mussabekova

Daeffler

Imler

2017

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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116

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The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has been a valuable model to investigate the genetic mechanisms of innate immunity. Initially focused on the resistance to bacteria and fungi, these studies have been extended to include antiviral immunity over the last decade. Like all living organisms, insects are continually exposed to viruses and have developed efficient defense mechanisms. We review here our current understanding on antiviral host-defense in fruit flies. A major antiviral defense in Drosophila is RNA interference, in particular the small interfering (si) RNA pathway. In addition, complex inducible responses and restriction factors contribute to the control of infections. Some of the genes involved in these pathways have been conserved through evolution, highlighting loci that may account for susceptibility to viral infections in humans. Other genes are not conserved and represent species-specific innovations.

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The diversity of insect antiviral immunity: insights from viruses

Cited by 75 publications

References 52 publications

PIWIs Go Viral: Arbovirus-Derived piRNAs in Vector Mosquitoes

PIWIs Go Viral: Arbovirus-Derived piRNAs in Vector Mosquitoes

Induction of Apoptosis and Subsequent Phagocytosis of Virus-Infected Cells As an Antiviral Mechanism

Innate and intrinsic antiviral immunity in Drosophila

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