The distribution of Akabane virus in the Middle East

Taylor, W. P.; Mellor, P. S.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800051591

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Interestingly, the fact that this virus failed to persist in southern Turkey for more than two years indicates that the Middle East may be open to epidemic rather than endemic infection. The presence of neutralizing antibodies in the eastern Turkish Provinces of Gaziantep and Diyarbakir suggests that this might be the route whereby Akabane virus and probably other Simbu group viruses could invade the Middle East region (Taylor and Mellor, 1994). Regarding the infection by SBV, its associated disease appears in the adult cattle by a fall of the dairy production, fever, diarrhea being able to be severe and sometimes abortions.…”

Section: Schmallenberg Virus (Sbv) Was Identified Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

Abi-Rizk¹,

Kanaan²

2017

Open Vet J.

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In order to evaluate for the first time, the serological prevalence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and other Simbu group viruses in Lebanon, sheep originating from 15 Lebanese regions were sampled in September 2016. A total number of 750 serum samples from Awassi sheep were tested by ELISA for viral nucleoprotein antibodies. From the sampled animals, 122 animals were seropositive to SBV/Simbu group viruses. The seropositive sheep were mainly located in South Lebanon. At herd-level, a seroprevalence of 53.33% was recorded in the Seven Lebanese governorates. The animal-level seroprevalence was 16.26% and both animal and herd-level seroprevalences were negative in MountLebanon. Despite that there was some serological evidence showed the presence of some Simbu group viruses in the Middle East, no study was done in Lebanon. In this study, we report for the first time the prevalence of SBV and other Simbu group viruses in Lebanon.

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Section: Schmallenberg Virus (Sbv) Was Identified Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

Abi-Rizk¹,

Kanaan²

2017

Open Vet J.

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“…Akabane virus has been reported in cattle in Turkey (Taylor and Mellor, 1994). Based on serological evidence, authors conclude that the virus was present in some areas of the south Turkish coast in 1979 and 1980 but that it probably did not persist into 1981.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Based on serological evidence, authors conclude that the virus was present in some areas of the south Turkish coast in 1979 and 1980 but that it probably did not persist into 1981. According to Taylor and Mellor (1994), the failure of Akabane virus to persist in southern Turkey for more than two years indicated that this area was open to epidemic rather than endemic infection. Neutralizing antibodies of Akabane virus were detected in serum samples of sheep, goats and cattle from Cyprus from 1970 onwards (Sellers and Herniman, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenic effects of infection with Akabane virus are only seen when the virus exceeds the limits of the endemic area and infects susceptible animals in early stage of pregnancy. Such a situation is likely to occur at the edges of an endemic area and may be due to the movement of either infected hosts or infected vectors (Taylor and Mellor, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Schmallenberg” virus: likely epidemiological scenarios and data needs

2012

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Following a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a technical report on likely epidemiological scenarios in Europe in relation to a recently detected virus provisionally named "Schmallenberg" (SBV) virus (Simbu serogroup, Bunyaviridae family, genus Orthobunyavirus), found in ruminants. Clinical signs in adults are mainly mild or nonexistent, but transient fever, loss of appetite, a reduction in milk yield and diarrhoea have been observed in association with the infection. The major clinical sign of SBV is congenital malformations in newborn animals similar to those observed in infections by Akabane virus. Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and United Kingdom have reported confirmed cases. Due to limited information on the epidemiology of SBV, EFSA used a bluetongue virus (BTV8) model to assess whether SBV can spread into susceptible populations. BTV8 was chosen because: i) other Simbu serogroup viruses are primarily vector transmissible diseases as is BTV8, ii) BTV8 and SBV are circulating in the ruminant population iii) information is available regarding BTV8 in Europe whereas there has only been one case report for viruses of the Simbu serogroup in European Member States. The scenarios illustrate that whenever the number of vectors per host and the temperature are above a specific threshold, there is a possibility of disease epidemic in a susceptible population. In order to assess the situation in Europe and to refine the possible spread scenarios, knowledge of putative risk factors relevant for the disease transmission is necessary (including the immune status of the EU animal populations). EFSA proposes a coordinated data collection in all Member States in 2012 on the incidence and prevalence of the disease, number of malformed foetuses, as well as the presence of the virus in dams. Current knowledge suggests that it is unlikely that SBV can cause disease in humans; EFSA and ECDC are closely monitoring the situation in order to address public health concerns should these arise. EFSA will provide an overall assessment of the impact of SBV infection on animal health and welfare once further data become available from Member States.

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“…4,5,8 Outbreaks of the disease have been reported in Japan, Australia, and Israel, and the antibodies to AKAV with or without virus isolation have been detected in domestic and wild ruminants in the continents of Africa, Asia, and Oceania. 5,[9][10][11] Diagnosis of the disease and surveillance of virus epidemics are based on the detection of virus-specific antibodies. A 7 and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test 2 have been developed and used for this purpose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of the Antibodies Specific to Akabane Virus

et al. 2004

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A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Akabane virus (AKAV) was developed to detect antibodies to AKAV in cattle sera. The performance of the test using 7 different competitor MAbs was evaluated in sequential serum samples and sera from cattle infected with various bovine arboviruses. The dynamics of the antibody response expressed by percentage of inhibition (PI) in C-ELISA coincided with those of neutralizing antibody titers in sequential serum samples from 2 cattle experimentally infected with AKAV. The value of PI in C-ELISA for convalescent sera from cattle infected with arboviruses correlated with the neutralizing antibody titer to AKAV but was unaffected by the antibodies to other arboviruses. In the validation experiment of C-ELISA using 286 bovine sera previously examined for the AKAV antibody by serum neutralization (SN) test, the relative specificity of C-ELISA was more than 98%, whereas the relative sensitivities of individual MAbs ranged from 49% to 82.2%. Overall agreement between C-ELISA and the SN test varied from 72% to 90% depending on the MAb. These results suggest that the C-ELISA is acceptable as a rapid and specific method for detecting antibodies to AKAV and is a potential alternative to the SN test.

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The distribution of Akabane virus in the Middle East

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

“Schmallenberg” virus: likely epidemiological scenarios and data needs

Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of the Antibodies Specific to Akabane Virus

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