The Distance Duality Relation From Strong Gravitational Lensing

Liao, Kai; Li, Zheng‐Xiang; Cao, Shuo; Biesiada, Marek; Zheng, Xiaogang; Zhu, Zong-Hong

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/822/2/74

Cited by 85 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…There are two benefits: firstly, the propagation of GWs is unaffected by cosmic opacity; secondly, they provide the direct luminosity distances while SNe Ia in principle provide the relative dis-tances. On the other hand, the angular diameter distance ratios from strong lensing observation carry the information of D A (Liao et al 2016;Yang et al 2019). For an ideal model assuming the elliptical lens galaxy is described by a Singular Isothermal Sphere (SIS), once the Einstein radius (R E ) and the central velocity dispersion σ v are measured by the separation angle of AGN multiimages and the spectroscopy, one can infer the ratio of two angular diameter distances D A ls /D A s ∝ θ E /σ 2 v , where the subscripts l, s denote for lens and source, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Strong Lensing and Gravitational Waves: An Opacity-free Test

Liao

2019

ApJ

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The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is a fundamental assumption in cosmological studies. Given the redshift z, it relates luminosity distance D L with angular diameter distance D A through (1 + z) 2 D A /D L ≡ 1. Many efforts have been devoted to test the CDDR with various observational approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, those methods are always affected by cosmic opacity which could make the CDDR violated due to the non-conservation of photon number. Such mechanism is more related with astropartical physics. In this work, to directly study the nature of space-time, i.e., to disentangle it from astropartical physics, we propose a new strategy to test the CDDR with strong lensing providing D A and gravitational wave providing D L . It is known that the propagation of gravitational wave is unaffected by cosmic opacity. We demonstrate distances from optical lensing observation are also opacity-free. These two kinds of distance measurements make it possible to test any metric theories of gravity where photons travel along null geodesics. Our results show the constraints on deviations of the CDDR will be very competitive to current techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Strong Lensing and Gravitational Waves: An Opacity-free Test

Liao

2019

ApJ

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“…More specifically, a completely model independent approach will be used to constrain cosmic opacity using the time-delay observations of strong gravitational lensing systems as standard rulers. Based on a reliable knowledge about the lensing system, i.e., the Einstein radius (from image astrometry) and stellar velocity dispersion (form central velocity dispersion obtained from spectroscopy), one can use it to derive the information of ADDs (Grillo et al 2008;Biesiada, Piórkowska, & Malec 2010;Cao, Covone & Zhu 2012;Cao et al , 2013Li et al 2016;Cao et al 2017a;Ma et al 2019), test the weak-field metric on kiloparsec scales (Cao et al 2015;Collett et al 2018), and probe the distance duality relation in a cosmological model independent approach (Liao et al 2016;Yang et al 2019). In addition, multiple images of the lensed variable sources take different time to complete their travel and the time delay is a function of the Fermat potential difference, and three angular diameter distances between the observer, lens, and source (Treu et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

Ma¹,

Cao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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In this paper, we present a scheme to investigate the opacity of the Universe in a cosmological-modelindependent way, with the combination of current and future measurements of type Ia supernova sample and galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing systems with SNe Ia acting as background sources. The observational data include the current newly-compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample) and simulated sample of SNe Ia observed by the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) survey, which are taken for luminosity distances (D L ) possibly affected by the cosmic opacity, as well as strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST, which are responsible for providing the observed time-delay distance (D ∆t ) unaffected by the cosmic opacity. Two parameterizations, τ (z) = 2βz and τ (z) = (1 + z) 2β − 1 are adopted for the optical depth associated to the cosmic absorption. Focusing on only one specific type of standard cosmological probe, this provides an original method to measure cosmic opacity at high precision. Working on the simulated sample of strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST in 10 year z-band search, our results show that, with the combination of the current newly-compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample), there is no significant deviation from the transparency of the Universe at the current observational data level. Moreover, strongly lensed SNe Ia in a 10 year LSST z-band search would produce more robust constraints on the validity of cosmic transparency (at the precision of ∆β = 10 −2 ), with a larger sample of unlensed SNe Ia detected in future LSST survey. We have also discussed the ways in which our methodology could be improved, with the combination of current and future available data in gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) domain. Therefore, the proposed method will allow not only to check the foundations of observational cosmology (a transparent universe), but also open the way to identify completely new physics (non-standard physics).

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“…Recently, Ref. [17] used a new compilation of strong lensing system to extract the information of d A and obtained the constraint on the parameter: η = −0.004 +0.322 −0.210 (68% C.L. ), together with the "Joint Luminosity Analyses" (JLA) compilation of SNIa [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on cosmic distance duality relation from cosmological observations

Xia

2016

Physics of the Dark Universe

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In this paper, we use the model dependent method to revisit the constraint on the well-known cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR). By using the latest SNIa samples, such as Union2.1, JLA and SNLS, we find that the SNIa data alone can not constrain the cosmic opacity parameter ε, which denotes the deviation from the CDDR, 2+ε , very well. The constraining power on ε from the luminosity distance indicator provided by SNIa and GRB is hardly to be improved at present. When we include other cosmological observations, such as the measurements of Hubble parameter, the baryon acoustic oscillations and the distance information from cosmic microwave background, we obtain the tightest constraint on the cosmic opacity parameter ε, namely the 68% C.L. limit: ε = 0.023 ± 0.018. Furthermore, we also consider the evolution of ε as a function of z using two methods, the parametrization and the principle component analysis, and do not find the evidence for the deviation from zero. Finally, we simulate the future SNIa and Hubble measurements and find the mock data could give very tight constraint on the cosmic opacity ε and verify the CDDR at high significance.

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The Distance Duality Relation From Strong Gravitational Lensing

Cited by 85 publications

References 38 publications

The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Strong Lensing and Gravitational Waves: An Opacity-free Test

The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Strong Lensing and Gravitational Waves: An Opacity-free Test

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

Constraints on cosmic distance duality relation from cosmological observations

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