The disposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rainbow trout

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid disposition after oral administration in channel catfish

“…The rapid and extensive renal excretion of 2,4-D has been reported in a variety of mammalian and fish species (Arnold and Beasley, 1989;Guarino et al, 1977;Pritchard and James, 1979; Carpenter and Eaton, 1983). However, the extent of metabolism and rate of excretion may vary considerably.…”

“…In contrast, some fish species (e.g., southern flounder and spiny dogfish) excrete considerable amounts of the taurine conjugate of 2,4-D; however, in studies with aquatic animals, various routes of administration have been utilized which may have influenced the extent of metabolism and rate of excretion (Table III). In general, 2,4-D is more rapidly excreted in fish than in mammals probably because of differences in renal physiology (Carpenter and Eaton, 1983;Pritchard and James, 1979).…”

“…Aquatic animals may be exposed to 2,4-D via water or diet. The disposition of 2,4-D after parenteral administration has been studied in several freshwater and marine animals, including spiny lobster (James, 1982), rainbow trout (Carpenter and Eaton, 1983), winter flounder (Pritchard and James, 1979), and spiny dogfish (Guarino et al, 1977). In the channel catfish, the uptake and elimination of residues have been examined after exposure to ester and amine salt formulations of 2,4-D in water (Schultz, 1973; Rodgers and Stalling, 1972;Sikkaetal., 1977).…”