The disappearance of onchocerciasis without intervention in Tigray Region in Northwest Ethiopia

Katabarwa, Moses; Endeshaw, Tekola; Taye, Aseged; Tadesse, Zerihun; Frank, Richards O.

doi:10.1179/2047772414z.000000000198

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For instance; this could be supplemented by vectors related factors due to environmental modifications caused by land-use and land-cover changes which inturn might have affected the vector breeding sites. This phenomenon was seen in the Humera area of northwestern Ethiopia where presence of onchocerciasis was reported in 1981 [10], yet repeated evaluation survey in 2009 confirmed the absence of infection without ivermectin intervention [26]. The study participants in Asosa also complained that much of the forest and vegetation has been cleared for crop farming during the resettlement and villagization program.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Status of parasitological indicators and morbidity burden of onchocerciasis after years of successive implementation of mass distribution of ivermectin in selected communities of Yeki and Asosa districts, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background: Control and elimination of onchocerciasis requires regular follow-up and evaluation of community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) program implementation. This research was aimed to assess the epidemiological status of onchocerciasis in disease endemic communities of Asosa and Yeki districts of Ethiopia after 5 and 15 years of successive CDTi respectively, and to evaluate the decline in infection and morbidity burden. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 (i.e. within 2-7 months since the last treatment) using interview, physical and parasitological examinations. Pre-CDTi epidemiological data were obtained from studies conducted prior to the launch of CDTi. Results: A total of 3002 individuals (1567 from Asosa and 1435 from Yeki) were included. No infection was detected from Yeki. In Asosa, the prevalence of infection was 1.6%. The geometric mean intensity of infection was 0.02 mf/mg of skin snip. The prevalence rates of dermatitis, depigmentation, nodule, and atrophy in Yeki were 33(2.3%), 57(4%), 37(2.6%) and 11(0.7%), respectively. The prevalence rates of papular dermatitis, depigmentation, palpable nodule, atrophy, and blindness in Asosa were 94(6%), 38(2.4%), 30(1.9%), 28(1.8%) and 2(0.1%), respectively. Five years of CDTi had significantly reduced prevalence and intensity of infection by 91.8% (p < 0.001) and 99.7% (p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, CDTi reduced prevalence of papular dermatitis by 95.9% (p < 0.001), palpable nodule by 90.5% (p < 0.001), and atrophy by 30% (p = 0.6) in Yeki. Similarly, CDTi reduced prevalence of papular dermatitis by 88.6% (p < 0.001), depigmentation by 90.3% (p < 0.001), atrophy by 89.5% (p < 0.001), and blindness by 90% (p < 0.001) in Asosa.

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Status of parasitological indicators and morbidity burden of onchocerciasis after years of successive implementation of mass distribution of ivermectin in selected communities of Yeki and Asosa districts, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…In the Tigray Region onchocerciasis has disappeared without any deliberate interventions against it, but probably as a result of human migrations and the introduction of commercial farming practices [27].…”

Section: Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting onchocerciasis transmission: lessons for infection control

Cheke

2017

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction: Onchocerca volvulus infects in excess of 15 million people. The vectors are Simulium blackflies, varieties of which differ in their ecologies, behaviour and vectorial abilities. Control of the vectors and mass administrations of ivermectin have succeeded in reducing prevalences with elimination achieved in some foci, particularly in Central and southern America. In Africa, progress towards elimination has been less successful.Areas covered: Even with community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI), control has been difficult in African areas with initial prevalences in excess of 55%, especially if only annual treatments are dispensed. This is partly attributable to insufficient coverage, but the appearance of incipiently resistant non-responding parasites and lack of attention to vector biology in modelling and planning outcomes of intervention programmes have also played their parts, with recrudescence now appearing in some treated areas. Expert commentary:The biology of onchocerciasis is complex involving different vectors with differing abilities to transmit parasites, diverse pathologies related to geographical and parasite variations and endosymbionts in both parasite and vector. Modelling to predict epidemiological and control outcomes is addressing this complexity but more attention needs to be given to the vectors' roles to further understanding of where and when control measures will succeed.

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“…In Ethiopia, the 2017 status review report showed Onchocerciasis is endemic in 188 districts [ 14 ]. One report showed that the drastic environmental change caused the disappearance of the parasite in the Tigray region [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practice Related to Onchocerciasis and Associated Factors among Resource-Limited Selamogo Woreda Residents, South West Ethiopia, 2021

Gilano

Shimbre

Dubale

2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Introduction. Ethiopians work very hard to control and eradicate the vector and the parasite of Onchocerciasis. However, some hard-to-reach areas are not adequately covered by interventions that have previously taken place in various endemic sites in the country. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice of Onchocerciasis among Selamogo residents to enhance the expansion of interventions. Methods. We used a survey questionnaire to capture the data on 572 Selamago residents. We checked, cleaned, entered the data into EPI Info v.7, and analyzed it in STATA v.15. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to examine the associated factors. Variables significant at P < 0.20 were included in the model. We declared association at P < 0.05 . Results. Of the 578 residents we approached, 572 (99%) responded to the interview. We found 48.30% of poor knowledge, 90.90% of poor attitude, and 85.70% preventive practice related to Onchocerciasis. Factors like Amhara ethnicity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05, 5.27), Orthodox Christianity (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.10), Muslims (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.94), secondary school (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.55), diploma (AOR = 10.34, 95% CI: 4.62, 23.16), and preventability of Onchocerciasis (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.39, 6.55) were associated with KAP. Other factors like medical treatability, admission history to the health facilities, sex, and the number of households were also associated. Conclusion. The KAP related to Onchocerciasis is very poor compared to the indicators and evidence in the country. An intervention that considers local resources like taking the experience of groups with good knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice led by educated plus positive attitude people regarding the preventability and treatability of Onchocerciasis might be mandatory to improve the status.

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The disappearance of onchocerciasis without intervention in Tigray Region in Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Status of parasitological indicators and morbidity burden of onchocerciasis after years of successive implementation of mass distribution of ivermectin in selected communities of Yeki and Asosa districts, Ethiopia

Status of parasitological indicators and morbidity burden of onchocerciasis after years of successive implementation of mass distribution of ivermectin in selected communities of Yeki and Asosa districts, Ethiopia

Factors affecting onchocerciasis transmission: lessons for infection control

Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practice Related to Onchocerciasis and Associated Factors among Resource-Limited Selamogo Woreda Residents, South West Ethiopia, 2021

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