“…Examples of popular DIF detection methods include the Mantel-Haenszel procedure (10), logistic regression (11) and, more recently, approaches based on item response theory (IRT) measurement frameworks. To date, most attention has been given to investigations of DIF associated with age (12,13), sex (12,14,15), language/translations (16 -18), or culture (12,19,20), but few studies have examined disease-related DIF (21). Given the high relevance of work disability in both RA and OA and the potential of the RA-WIS for cross-disease applications, the current objective was to assess for disease-related DIF in this measure and its impact on the comparability of scores between RA and OA at the scale level.…”