The “dilution effect” in stallion sperm

Hayden, Shelby S.; Blanchard, T.L.; Brinsko, Steven P.; Varner, D.D.; Hinrichs, Katrin; Love, Charles C.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.012

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previously, Hayden et al showed that raw stallion semen dilution with commercial extenders decreased the total motility [56]. In agreement with these observations, our results indicate that sperm total motility-measured shortly after thawing-was concentrationdependent, i.e., more concentrated samples displayed higher motility.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of In Vitro Interactions of Oviduct Epithelial Cells with Frozen–Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa on Their Motility, Viability and Capacitation Status

Gimeno

Bariani

Laiz-Quiroga

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryopreservation by negatively affecting sperm quality decreases the efficiency of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). Thus, we first evaluated sperm motility at different conditions for the manipulation of equine cryopreserved spermatozoa. Higher motility was observed when spermatozoa were incubated for 30 min at 30 × 106/mL compared to lower concentrations (p < 0.05) and when a short centrifugation at 200× g was performed (p < 0.05). Moreover, because sperm suitable for oocyte fertilization is released from oviduct epithelial cells (OECs), in response to the capacitation process, we established an in vitro OEC culture model to select a sperm population with potential fertilizing capacity in this species. We demonstrated E-cadherin and cytokeratin expression in cultures of OECs obtained. When sperm–OEC cocultures were performed, the attached spermatozoa were motile and presented an intact acrosome, suggesting a selection by the oviductal model. When co-cultures were incubated in capacitating conditions a greater number of alive (p < 0.05), capacitated (p < 0.05), with progressive motility (p < 0.05) and with the intact acrosome sperm population was observed (p < 0.05) suggesting that the sperm population released from OECs in vitro presents potential fertilizing capacity. Improvements in handling and selection of cryopreserved sperm would improve efficiencies in ARTs allowing the use of a population of higher-quality sperm.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of In Vitro Interactions of Oviduct Epithelial Cells with Frozen–Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa on Their Motility, Viability and Capacitation Status

Gimeno

Bariani

Laiz-Quiroga

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dilution effect was observed in a low sperm concentration (i.e., <20 × 10 6 sperm/mL) and demonstrated in various species [44][45][46]. Nevertheless, a study on horses [45,47,48] and humans [49] using a lower sperm density (2.5 × 10 6 sperm/mL) revealed higher motility parameters due to the minor effect that the "dilution effect" had on the sperm motility comparatively to other species. We propose a concentration of 80 × 10 6 sperm/mL for further experiments in the study of the donkey when using a narrow chamber of 10 µm and especially in a disposable chamber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of CASA-Mot Analysis of Donkey Sperm: Optimum Frame Rate and Values of Kinematic Variables for Different Counting Chamber and Fields

Gacem

Catalán

Valverde

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to optimize the donkey sperm motility analysis by the CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis)-Mot system, twelve ejaculates were collected from six jackasses. Capillary loaded chamber (CLC), ISAS®D4C depths 10 and 20 µm, ISAS®D4C Leja 20 and drop displacement chamber (DDC), Spermtrack® (Spk) depths 10 and 20 µm were used. Sperm kinematic variables were evaluated using each chamber and a high-resolution camera capable of capturing a maximum of 500 frames/second (fps). The optimum frame rate (OFR) (defined according to curvilinear velocity—VCL) was dependent on chamber type. The highest OFR obtained was 278.46 fps by Spk20. Values for VCL, straight-line velocity (VSL), straightness (STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were high in DDC and 10 µm depth. In both DDC 10 and 20 µm, the sperm velocities (VCL, VSL, VAP) and ALH values decreased significantly from the centre to the edges, while Wobble and BCF increased. No defined behavior was observed along the CLC. However, all the kinematic variables had a higher value in a highly concentrated sample, in both chamber types. In conclusion, analyzing a minimum of nine fields at 250 fps from the centre to the edges in Spk10 chamber using a dilution of 30 × 106 sperm/mL offers the best choice for donkey computerised sperm motility analysis.

show abstract

“…Thus, for transportation until 48 h, 15°C and 1:3 dilutions would be more indicated, since these solutions showed the least pH variability, indicating that as the dilution increases cooled sperm viability is favored. Dilution of equine semen in a commercial extender to very low sperm concentrations had only minor effects on sperm quality [10]. Jasko et al, [12] using an egg yolk extender, observed that semen dilutions from 1:4 to 1:19 were appropriate to preserve equine semen at 5°C and that increasing the dilution favors sperm viability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Pony Stallion Semen in Different Temperature and Dilution

Trentin

Rodrigues

Pessoa

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Artificial insemination and transport of cooled semen has been routinely used in equine industry in the past 20 years. However, more investigations are needed regarding the methods for long time storage in pony stallion semen. The effect of dilution and cooling temperature on pH, sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were investigated before and after cooling of stallion semen.Materials, Methods & Results: Two ejaculates each from nine Brazilian ponies were diluted in a nonbuffered powder milk extender cooled at 5°C or 15°C for 48 h using three different dilutions (1:1, 1:2 or 1:3). Data were assessed by analysis of variance and the rate comparison was performed using the Duncan test. Samples diluted 1:1 at 5oC or 15°C showed higher pH values (7.63 ± 0.34 e 7.57 ± 0.27) and lower progressive motility (10.3 ± 11.05, 17.08 ± 9.95). All samples cooled at 15°C also showed lower incidence of morphologically altered spermatozoa (1:1 = 55.84%; 1:2 = 51.84%; 1:3 = 49.95%) [P < 0.01]. Mitochondrial activity was higher on the 1:3 dilution (0.86 ± 0.19 nm) at 5°C and on the 1:1 (0.89 ± 0.23 nm), 1:2 (0.93 ± 0.2 nm) and 1:3 (0.92 ± 0.2 nm) dilutions at 15°C. Progressive motility was higher when semen was diluted 1:3 and cooled at 15°C (42.22 ± 12.38; P < 0.05). Considering mitochondrial activity, similar results were observed when different dilutions of semen were used (P > 0.05) despite time and temperature. The pH, progressive motility, mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity remained similar (P > 0.05) on fresh semen samples independent of the dilution grade used. The best results were obtained when semen was diluted 1:3 and cooled at 15°C. All dilution grades were safe for fresh semen and pH wasincreased when semen was diluted and cooled for 48 h.Discussion: The methodology used to collect and process equine semen and semen from ponies is practically the same. Equine semen when sent for artificial insemination is usually cooled to 5°C. Our results showed that cooling reduces sperm viability, which has also been demonstrated by other studies. In contrast, the best cooling temperature was at 15°C. However, it is easier to keep the temperature at 5°C during transport, due to the large temperature oscillation that may occur during transportation. The semen of ponies can tolerate cooling at both 5 and 15°C. The 1:3 dilution cooled to 15°C provided better viability of pony sperm, and more stable pH during 48 h of cooling. Dilution 1:1 should not be used for cooling in powdered skim milk extender.

show abstract

The “dilution effect” in stallion sperm

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of In Vitro Interactions of Oviduct Epithelial Cells with Frozen–Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa on Their Motility, Viability and Capacitation Status

Effects of In Vitro Interactions of Oviduct Epithelial Cells with Frozen–Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa on Their Motility, Viability and Capacitation Status

Optimization of CASA-Mot Analysis of Donkey Sperm: Optimum Frame Rate and Values of Kinematic Variables for Different Counting Chamber and Fields

Viability of Pony Stallion Semen in Different Temperature and Dilution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About