The Diagnostic Value of Adiponectin Multimers in Healthy Men Undergoing Screening for Prostate Cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND Adiponectin has been reported to have a prohibitory effect on prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of adiponectin multimers for prostate cancer. METHODS Total adiponectin, high- and low molecular weight (HMW, LMW), ratios of these measures, and body mass index (BMI) were compared in a prospective prostate cancer screened cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between adiponectin measures, their interaction with BMI, and risk of prostate cancer and Gleason score upgrading from biopsy to prostatectomy. RESULTS 228 prostate cancer cases and 239 controls were analyzed: 72 (31.6%) of the cancer cases were high-grade (Gleason grade ≥7). Only percent HMW had a statistically significant relationship with prostate cancer [p = 0.04]. Among normal and overweight men, the risk of prostate cancer increased as percent HMW increased (OR = 1.24 for a doubling of percent HMW, 95% confidence interval [0.41,3.75] and 1.81[1.02,3.20], respectively), whereas among obese men, the risk of prostate cancer decreased (OR = 0.62, [0.32,1.18]). Among 97 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, there was no association between Gleason score upgrading and any of the adiponectin multimers. CONCLUSION This study was unable to confirm the utility of total adiponectin as a biomarker for prostate cancer risk. For the adiponectin multimers, only HWM showed increases with prostate cancer but not in all weight classes. IMPACT While adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, our results do not support adiponectin multimers as biomarkers of detection.

Serum adiponectin concentration in 2,939 Japanese men undergoing screening for prostate cancer

“… 9–13 However, not all epidemiologic studies support this inverse association of APN and PCA. 14–16 In the present study, our extensive analysis of the association between serum APN, PSA, and CDR among 2,939 men who attended a PCA screening revealed several interesting findings.…”

“…A considerable number of case control studies 9–16 and cross-sectional studies 17,18 testing the association of PCA with APN have been published. In accordance with other types of cancer, most of these investigations showed an inverse association of APN levels and high-stage or high-grade PCA.…”

“… 13,14 Moreover, some case control studies suggested a positive correlation between APN levels and PCA after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). 14–16 In addition, unfortunately, little is known about the association between APN levels and the development of increased risk or early-stage disease, which includes the majority of PCA cases detected by prostatic-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening. In PSA-based screening studies, findings regarding the association between APN levels and PSA levels also conflict, finding no correlation, 17 or a negative correlation.…”

Evolving role of adiponectin in cancer-controversies and update

“…Furthermore, reduced APN levels were associated with tumor stage in obese and overweight men, but not in normal weight men or overall in all men 135 . Other studies have also found no significant association between APN levels and PrC risk 136,137 . Interestingly, APN was also seen to have anti-proliferative, but not anti-apoptotic effects on human PrC cells 138 .…”

Maternal High-Fat Diet Promotes the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate Offspring

“…Further findings indicated that endogenous adiponectin functioned as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of PCa cells [35]. On the other side, some researchers presented negative results, suggesting that adiponectin may not play an important role in promoting clinically aggressive PCa [36,37]. As mentioned before, the consumption of adipose tissues in advanced PCa, rather than tumor itself, might also cause the decrease of adiponectin.…”