The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation

Characterizing Interpersonal Difficulties Among Young Adults Who Engage in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Using a Daily Diary

“…Consistent with both developmental models of NSSI (Yates, 2004) and previous research showing that adolescents and young adults with NSSI report worse quality relationships with their caregivers (Gratz et al, 2002;Muehlenkamp et al, 2013), participants with (vs. without) NSSI reported less frequent contact with their families over the 2-week diary period. This difference was not related to baseline group differences in social anxiety, reassurance seeking, or the use of support seeking to cope.…”

“…Moreover, although interpersonal functions of NSSI were endorsed less frequently than intrapersonal functions of this behavior, both interpersonally oriented emotions (e.g., feeling rejected by and angry toward others) and intrapersonally oriented emotions (e.g., anger toward self, selfhatred) increased the odds of acting on NSSI thoughts . Similarly, although Snir and colleagues (2015) found that adults with borderline and avoidant (Nock, 2008;Prinstein et al, 2009;Yates, 2004). Examining day-to-day patterns of interpersonal experiences may help clarify whether the interpersonal problems relevant to NSSI are related to the quantity or quality of interpersonal behaviors.…”

“…Compared to individuals without a history of NSSI, those with NSSI report pervasive interpersonal problems, including poorer quality relationships with peers and caregivers (Claes, Houben, Vandereycken, Bijttebier, & Muehlenkamp, 2010;Gratz, Conrad, & Roemer, 2002;Hilt, Nock, Lloyd-Richardson, & Prinstein, 2008;Hoff & Muehlenkamp, 2009), greater loneliness (Giletta, Scholte, Engels, Ciairano, & Prinstein, 2012;Glenn & Klonsky, 2013;Guertin, Lloyd-Richardson, Spirito, Donaldson, & Boergers, 2001), higher rates of peer victimization (Giletta et al, 2012;Hilt et al, 2008), lower perceived support (Heath, Ross, Toste, Charlebois, & Nedecheva, 2009;Muehlenkamp, Brausch, Quigley, & Whitlock, 2013), and worse social problem-solving abilities (Nock & Mendes, 2008). Recent interpersonal theories of NSSI propose that interpersonal experiences may contribute to the development and maintenance of NSSI as both antecedents (e.g., rejection, conflict) and consequences (e.g., support) of this behavior (Nock, 2008(Nock, , 2009Prinstein, Guerry, Browne, & Rancourt, 2009;Yates, 2004). To date, however, the predominantly crosssectional nature of existing studies has limited our understanding of potential deficiencies in the day-to-day interpersonal functioning of people who engage in NSSI.…”

“…Thus, poorer quality of relationships with caregivers in populations with NSSI may be best accounted for by differences in the quantity rather than quality of interpersonal interactions. The extent to which these differences are related to the problems in early caregiving relationships theorized to contribute to NSSI in some models of this behavior (Yates, 2004) requires further examination.With respect to romantic relationships (and contrary to our expectations), results suggested that participants with NSSI reported more frequent contact with their romantic partners than Turner et al …”

Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism

“…/j.brat.2007 neglect or abuse during childhood, and the development of NSSI. For instance, sexual abuse has shown a strong association with different forms of self-injury, including NSSI (Bergen, Martin, Richardson, Allison, & Roeger, 2003;Nock & Kessler, 2006;Peters & Range, 1995;Yates, 2004), while physical abuse has been associated with such outcomes in some studies (e.g., Joiner et al, 2007) but not others (e.g., Nock & Kessler, 2006).…”