The development of binary Mg–Ca alloys for use as biodegradable materials within bone

Li, Zijian; Gu, Xuenan; Lou, Si-quan; Zheng, Yufeng

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.021

Cited by 1,381 publications

(849 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Magnesium alloys (1 wt % Ca with the balance being Mg, 16 mm diameter, 1.5 mm thickness) were donated by Zheng and co-workers 36 and used as the substrate. The magnesium plates were ground with no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Electrodeposition of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles: A Novel Strategy for Biomedical Coating

et al. 2014

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A novel biomedical coating was prepared from selfassembled colloidal particles through direct electrodeposition. The particles, which are photo-cross-linkable and nanoscaled with a high specific surface area, were obtained via self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid)-g-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (γ-PGA-g-AMC). The size, morphology, and surface charge of the resulting colloidal particles and their dependence on pH, initial concentrations, and UV irradiation were successfully studied. A nanostructured coating was formed in situ on the surface of magnesium alloys by electrodeposition of colloidal particles. The composition, morphology, and phase of the coating were monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion test showed that the formation of the nanostructured coating on magnesium alloys effectively improved their initial anticorrosion properties. More importantly, the corrosion resistance was further enhanced by chemical photo-cross-linking. In addition, the low cytotoxicity of the coated samples was confirmed by MTT assay against NIH-3T3 normal cells. The contribution of our work lies in the creation of a novel strategy to fabricate a biomedical coating in view of the versatility of self-assembled colloidal particles and the controllability of the electrodeposition process. It is believed that our work provides new ideas and reliable data to design novel functional biomedical coatings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Electrodeposition of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles: A Novel Strategy for Biomedical Coating

et al. 2014

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“…[8][9][10][11] The importance of the MgO phase in HA formation has been reported. 9,12,13 Hence, Mg corrosion products may function as substrates facilitating the formation of low crystalline, carbonated HA (CHA), where the high Mg ion concentration inhibits its transition to crystalline HA. 14 Biological apatite is generally CHA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg-corrosion, hydroxyapatite, and bone healing

et al. 2017

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The different capacities of magnesium in the metallic form (Mg-metal) and magnesium oxide (MgO) to stimulate bone healing are possible clues in the search for products that may promote bone healing. Since both Mg-metal and MgO can be assumed to release comparable amounts of Mg2+ ions during their reactions in the tissue where they have been implanted, it is of some importance to follow this process and analyze the resulting mineral formation in the tissue at the implantation site. Implants of MgO were inserted into rat tibia, and the bone healing was compared with sham-operated controls. Samples were taken after 1 week of healing and analyzed by histology, environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyzer, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Callus bone was seen in sham-operated controls after 1 week of healing. Implantation of MgO impaired the callus bone formation by replacing bone with apparently mineralized areas, lacking osteocytes and were denoted, amorphous bodies. Elemental analysis showed increased levels of Ca (7.1%), P (3.7%), and Mg (0.2%) in the bone marrow of MgO-treated animals versus sham-operated controls Ca (2.4%), P (2.3%), and Mg (0.1%). The Ca content of the cortical bone was also significantly increased (Ca, 29% increase) in MgO-treated animals compared to sham-operated controls. The Ca content of the cortical bone of sham-operated animals was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the corresponding value of untreated animals, which means that the surgical trauma induces an altered composition of the bone mineral. The Ca/P ratio was 1.26–1.68, which is compatible with that of mineralized bone with different contents of organic materials. Analysis of bone sections using ToF-SIMS showed the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and MgCO3 in the bone marrow and in cortical bone. Analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Mg, MgO, and MgCO3 after incubation with cell culture medium (DMEM), in vitro, showed binding of CaPO4 at the Mg and MgO samples. The Ca/P ratio was 0.8, indicating a higher P content than that expected for HA. Exposure of human embryonic stem cells to Mg species preincubated in DMEM resulted in HA production by the cells. Thus, two sources of CaPO4 in the bone marrow of MgO-treated bone were defined, catalytic formation on Mg-species and synthesis from activated stem-cells. The presented data suggest that bone healing near Mg implants is congruent with the fracture healing of bone, boosted by high HA levels in the bone marrow. In this context, the different capacities of Mg-metal and MgO to catalyse the formation of HA can be important clues to their different bone promoting effects.

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“…Magnesium alloys are easily corroded in physiological environments, and have become a promising degradable medical biomaterial, attracting much attention in recent years [5][6][7][8] not only because of their degradability, but also their good biocompatibility, low density, and suitable mechanical properties such as high specific strength and elastic modulus approximating that of human bone [9][10][11]. Previous studies had shown that screws and plates made of magnesium alloy corroded too quickly because of impurities in the alloy, which may have resulted in abandoning magnesium alloys for medical biomaterials [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro degradation and biocompatibility of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In this study, in vitro degradation and biocompatibility of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (NZK) alloy were investigated to determine its suitability as a degradable medical biomaterial. Its corrosion properties were evaluated by static immersion test, electrochemical corrosion test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analysis, and in vitro biocompatibilities were assessed by hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests. Pure magnesium was used as control. The results of static immersion test and electrochemical corrosion test in simulated body fluid (SBF) demonstrated that the addition of alloying elements could improve the corrosion resistance. The hemolysis test found that the hemolysis rate of calcium phosphate coated NZK alloy was 4.8%, which was lower than the safe value of 5%. The cytotoxicity test indicated that NZK alloy extracts did not significantly reduce MC 3 T 3 -E 1 cell viability. Hemolysis test and cytotoxicity test display excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of NZK alloy in vitro. Our data indicate that NZK alloy has excellent biocompatibility and thus can be considered as a potential degradable medical biomaterial for orthopedic applications.

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The development of binary Mg–Ca alloys for use as biodegradable materials within bone

Cited by 1,381 publications

References 46 publications

One-Step Electrodeposition of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles: A Novel Strategy for Biomedical Coating

One-Step Electrodeposition of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles: A Novel Strategy for Biomedical Coating

Mg-corrosion, hydroxyapatite, and bone healing

In vitro degradation and biocompatibility of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy

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