The Determinants of Agglomeration

Rosenthal, Stuart S.; Strange, William C.

doi:10.1006/juec.2001.2230

Cited by 836 publications

(608 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Conceptually, the EG index compares the degree of spatial concentration of manufacturing employment in industry j with what would arise if all plants in the industry were randomly distributed across locations. Using this approach, Ellison and Glaeser (1997) and Rosenthal and Strange (2001) find evidence of the geographic concentration of employment in many U.S. manufacturing industries. While widely adopted in the literature, few studies use the EG index to determine the agglomerative forces for innovative activity, with one exception being Buzard and Carlino (2013 analyze locational patterns of R&D labs over a range of spatial scales (e.g., within a half mile, one mile, five miles, etc.).…”

Section: Higher Degree Of Spatial Concentration At a Point In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Agglomeration and Innovation

Carlino

Kerr

2015

Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics

205

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This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data and some resulting empirical regularities. Innovative activity tends to be more concentrated than industrial activity, and we discuss important findings from the literature about why this is so. We highlight the traits of cities (e.g., size, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these features (e.g., the localization of entrepreneurial finance).JEL: J2, J6, L1, L2, L6, O3, R1, R3

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Section: Higher Degree Of Spatial Concentration At a Point In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Agglomeration and Innovation

Carlino

Kerr

2015

Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics

205

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“…Rosenthal and Strange (2001) find that the intensity of R&D investment is positively related to the extent of industrial agglomeration. Ellison, Glaeser, and Kerr (2010) find that the intensity of citation relationships between industries positively relates to the extent of co-agglomeration between pair industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Localization of knowledge-creating establishments

Inoue

Nakajima

Saito

2017

Japan and the World Economy

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This study investigates the localization of establishment-level knowledge creation using data from a Japanese patent database. Using distance-based methods, we obtain the following results. First, Japanese patent-creating establishments are significantly localized at the 5% level, with a localization range of approximately 80 km. Second, localization is observed for all patent technology classes, and the extent of localization has a positive relationship with the level of technology measured by R&D investment. Finally, the extent of localization is stronger for establishments that are more productive in terms of both the number of patents and the number of citations received, i.e., quantitatively and qualitatively. These results indicate that geographical proximity is important for knowledge spillover, particularly for knowledge-demanding establishments.

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“…In a nutshell, the fundamental reason why firms and workers concentrate in geographically contained areas, giving rise to cities, is because spatial clustering generates some form of external economy of scale. As discussed in Glaeser [16] and Rosenthal and Strange [44], agglomeration benefits emerge from proximity in three factors:…”

Section: The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban density and pupil attainment

Gibbons¹,

Silva²

2008

Journal of Urban Economics

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We explore the association between urban density and pupil attainment using three cohorts of pupils in schooling in England. Although -as widely recognised -attainment in dense urban places is low on average, this is not because urban environments disadvantage pupils, but because the most disadvantaged pupils with low average attainments attend the most urbanised schools. To control for this, we exploit changes in urban density faced by pupils during compulsory transition from Primary to Secondary school, and measure educational progress at the end of the Secondary phase, relative to attainment at the end of Primary schooling. Our results suggest that there are small but significant benefits from education in schools in more densely urbanised settings. We detect this density advantage even amongst pupils moving relatively short distances between Primary and Secondary schools within urban areas, so we cannot attribute it to broad urbanisation effects experienced by pupils making rural-urban school moves. A more likely explanation lies in greater school choice and competition between closely co-located educational providers.

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The Determinants of Agglomeration

Cited by 836 publications

References 23 publications

Agglomeration and Innovation

Agglomeration and Innovation

Localization of knowledge-creating establishments

Urban density and pupil attainment

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