The cysteine protease MoAtg4 interacts with MoAtg8 and is required for differentiation and pathogenesis in<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>

Liu, Tong‐Bao; Liu, Xiaohong; Lu, Jianping; Zhang, Lei; Min, Hang; Lin, Fu‐Cheng

doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10438

Cited by 80 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…1D), which is consistent with studies in mammals that show the constitutive occurrence of autophagy. 21 Similar to the pattern of Atg protein localization in yeast and Magnaporthe cells, [22][23][24] punctate localization of MrAtg8 was observed in conidia, germlings, appressoria and hyphal bodies (fungal cells harvested from the hemolymph of infected insect) by N-terminal fusion with the red fluorescent protein (RFP) ( Fig. 2A-D).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…34 MoAtg4 of M. orzyae interacts with MoAtg8 and deletion of MoATG4 leads to a significant reduction in conidiation, delay in appressorium formation and a lower turgor pressure. 24 Similarly, Mratg4Δ lost the ability to sporulate on PDA medium and also Moatg8Δ of M. oryzae could form appressoria on hydrophobic surface. 2,4 Interestingly, both Mratg8Δ and Moatg8Δ showed a significant reduction in the ability to infect insect and rice hosts, respectively, while the ability of F. graminearum Fgatg8Δ to infect barley and wheat remained like the WT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In contrast, Moatg4Δ and Moatg15 of M. oryzae can produce conidia but exhibit significantly reduced abilities of conidgiogenesis. 4,24 There are also differences between fungal and mammalian autophagy gene-deletion mutants. For example, in contrast to the increased lipid contents in mammalian cells followed by deletions of autophagy genes, 18,21 reduced LD accumulation was evident in the four null mutants of M. robertsii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For characterization of growth, fungi were additionally cultured on a minimum medium (MM) 27 and a complete medium (CM). 24 For liquid incubation, fungi were grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB, Difco, 238220) and MM-N (MM without the nitrogen source and agar). Yeast strains SEY6210 (WT, MATα, ura3 leu2 his3 trp1 lys2 suc2) and the ATG8 deletion mutant (KVY5, apg8Δ-HIS3) 22 were included in this study for gene complementation assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkage of autophagy to fungal development, lipid storage and virulence inMetarhizium robertsii

et al. 2013

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Autophagy is a highly conserved process that maintains intracellular homeostasis by degrading proteins or organelles in all eukaryotes. The effect of autophagy on fungal biology and infection of insect pathogens is unknown. here, we report the function of MrATG8, an ortholog of yeast ATG8, in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. MrATG8 can complement an ATG8-defective yeast strain and deletion of MrATG8 impaired autophagy, conidiation and fungal infection biology in M. robertsii. compared with the wild-type and gene-rescued mutant, Mratg8Δ is not inductive to form the infection-structure appressorium and is impaired in defense response against insect immunity. in addition, accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) is significantly reduced in the conidia of Mratg8Δ and the pathogenicity of the mutant is drastically impaired. We also found that the cellular level of a LD-specific perilipin-like protein is significantly lowered by deletion of MrATG8 and that the carboxyl terminus beyond the predicted protease cleavage site is dispensable for MrAtg8 function. To corroborate the role of autophagy in fungal physiology, the homologous genes of yeast ATG1, ATG4 and ATG15, designated as MrATG1, MrATG4 and MrATG15, were also deleted in M. robertsii. in contrast to Mratg8Δ, these mutants could form appressoria, however, the LD accumulation and virulence were also considerably impaired in the mutant strains. Our data showed that autophagy is required in M. robertsii for fungal differentiation, lipid biogenesis and insect infection. The results advance our understanding of autophagic process in fungi and provide evidence to connect autophagy with lipid metabolism.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkage of autophagy to fungal development, lipid storage and virulence inMetarhizium robertsii

et al. 2013

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“…Though different fungal species may have similar lifestyles and pathogenic strategies, the control of basic cellular processes during fungal infection can be substantially different among species. 40 Thus far, the influence of individual ATG genes has been studied in relatively few pathogenic fungi, foremost among these is M. oryzae. In a moatg1Δ mutant, the appressorial turgor pressure is much lower than that in the wild type; only ~2.8% of the appressoria form long penetration pegs 24 h after inoculation, compared with ~49.7% in the wild type.…”

Section: Infection Structures Of Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%