The Cyclase-Associated Protein Cap1 Is Important for Proper Regulation of Infection-Related Morphogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae

Abstract

Surface recognition and penetration are critical steps in the infection cycle of many plant pathogenic fungi. In Magnaporthe oryzae, cAMP signaling is involved in surface recognition and pathogenesis. Deletion of the MAC1 adenylate cyclase gene affected appressorium formation and plant infection. In this study, we used the affinity purification approach to identify proteins that are associated with Mac1 in vivo. One of the Mac1-interacting proteins is the adenylate cyclase-associated protein named Cap1. CAP genes are well-conserved in phytopathogenic fungi but none of them have been functionally characterized. Deletion of CAP1 blocked the effects of a dominant RAS2 allele and resulted in defects in invasive growth and a reduced intracellular cAMP level. The Δcap1 mutant was defective in germ tube growth, appressorium formation, and formation of typical blast lesions. Cap1-GFP had an actin-like localization pattern, localizing to the apical regions in vegetative hyphae, at the periphery of developing appressoria, and in circular structures at the base of mature appressoria. Interestingly, Cap1, similar to LifeAct, did not localize to the apical regions in invasive hyphae, suggesting that the apical actin cytoskeleton differs between vegetative and invasive hyphae. Domain deletion analysis indicated that the proline-rich region P2 but not the actin-binding domain (AB) of Cap1 was responsible for its subcellular localization. Nevertheless, the AB domain of Cap1 must be important for its function because CAP1 ΔAB only partially rescued the Δcap1 mutant. Furthermore, exogenous cAMP induced the formation of appressorium-like structures in non-germinated conidia in CAP1 ΔAB transformants. This novel observation suggested that AB domain deletion may result in overstimulation of appressorium formation by cAMP treatment. Overall, our results indicated that CAP1 is important for the activation of adenylate cyclase, appressorium morphogenesis, and plant infection in M. oryzae. CAP1 may also play a role in feedback inhibition of Ras2 signaling when Pmk1 is activated.

The Late Endosomal HOPS Complex Anchors Active G-Protein Signaling Essential for Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae

“…It was recently demonstrated that an Adenylate cyclase associated protein, Cap1, localized as bright spots in the cytoplasm of the infection hyphae in M. oryzae [77]. However, we could not detect such punctate localization pattern for Rgs1-mC during infectious growth.…”

Genetic control of infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae

“…Molecular characterization of the MAC1 adenylate cyclase and CPKA catalytic subunit of PKA genes ( Figure 1) further confirmed the role of cAMP signaling in surface recognition [1]. Recently, the CAP1 gene was shown to be involved in association with the actin cytoskeleton and Mac1 activation [4]. Several components of heterotrimeric G-proteins, including Ga MagA or MagB, Gb Mgb1, and Gg Mgg1, that function upstream from the cAMP-PKA pathway also have been characterized [5].…”

Bypassing Both Surface Attachment and Surface Recognition Requirements for Appressorium Formation by Overactive Ras Signaling in Magnaporthe oryzae

“…However, mutants defective in cAMP signaling, such as the mgb1, mac1, and cap1 mutants, are known to produce spontaneous suppressors (Fang and Dean 2000;Nishimura et al 2003;Zhou et al 2012). The efficiency of appressorium formation on hydrophilic surfaces and the formation of melanized hyphal tips were often reduced in subcultures.…”