The current state of MiRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic tools

Gareev, Ilgiz; Beylerli, Ozal; Yang, Guang; Sun, Jinxian; Павлов, В. Н.; Измайлов, А. А.; Shi, Huaizhang

doi:10.1007/s10238-020-00627-2

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…miRNAs are critical in various physiological and pathological processes including sarcopenia with its deregulation ( Soriano-Arroquia et al, 2016 ; Yin et al, 2020 ). Interestingly, miRNAs are very stable and can be easily detected in blood circulation (e.g., plasma), where the profile of miRNAs can reflect health status, suggesting that circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are considered as new, potential, and even more sensitive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and related treatment ( Kosaka et al, 2010 ; Zendjabil et al, 2017 ; Gareev et al, 2020 ), whose signature for patients with osteoporotic fractures has been reported. The level of one of these osteoporosis-associated miR-21-5p and other nine related ones has been predicted to be fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis more recently ( Seeliger et al, 2014 ; Panach et al, 2015 ; Kocijan et al, 2016 ; Kelch et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Fracture Risk Associates With Plasma Circulating MicroRNAs in Aging People’s Sarcopenia

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Aging generally coincides with a gradual decline in mass and strength of muscles and bone mineral density (BMD). Sarcopenia is closely linked to osteoporosis in the elderly, which can lead to abnormal gait, balance disorders, and dysfunctions, as well as increase in the risks of falls, fractures, weakness, and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a kind of short and non-coding RNA molecules but can regulate posttranscriptional protein expression. However, we have known little about their participation in age-associated osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The current study aims to confirm those miRNAs as biomarkers for age-related reduction in muscular atrophy associated with human blood fractures. In our study, 10 fracture-risk-related miRNAs (miR-637, miR-148a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-24-3p) were analyzed. For the initial screening, we determined the abundance of fracture-risk-associated miRNAs by RT-PCR most frequently detected in enrolled 93 elderly with sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia, respectively. Statistically, the relative expression levels of plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group, while the levels of other miRNAs did not change significantly. Moreover, we showed that the levels of ASM/height2, handgrip strength, and 4-m velocity in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than in the non-sarcopenia group. Whereafter, we expanded the sample for further detection and analysis and revealed that the levels of plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group, which is consistent with the initial screening experiment. From our analysis, changes in levels of plasma miR-93-5p and miR-637 were dramatically related to ASM/height2. Furthermore, changes in miR-23a and miR-93-5p were significantly affected by ASM/height2 in female individuals, with no significant correlations between miRNAs changes and these diagnostic indexes in male individuals after adjusting sex. The study showed that plasma miRNAs changed in an aging-related sarcopenia manner and were associated with increased fracture risk. In aging patients, plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 have the potential as biomarkers of sarcopenia, which can affect the development of physiological dysfunction and may be also used in the fracture risk assessment of these patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Fracture Risk Associates With Plasma Circulating MicroRNAs in Aging People’s Sarcopenia

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…Although miRNAs contain only 20-25 nucleotides, they play a crucial role in cell biology, including in processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion [ 11 ]. miRNAs not only regulate relative genes during the cell process but also, more importantly, may serve as indicators in body fluids, such as blood and urine [ 12 ]. Based on the characteristics of miRNAs, specific miRNAs may be suitable for STAD diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Four-miRNA Panel as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Stomach Adenocarcinoma

Chen

Peng

et al. 2020

Disease Markers

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Background. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied to cancer diagnosis taking into account their role in tumorigenesis. The main purpose of our study was to confirm the possibility of using miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) diagnosis. Methods. A total of 246 participants (130 STAD patients and 116 healthy controls (HCs)) were enrolled in this 3-phase study. Five STAD pools and 3 HC pools (with 4 participants in each pool) were used for the screening of the 28 miRNAs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The training phase (30 STAD patients vs. 24 HCs) and validation phase (80 STAD patients vs. 80 HCs) were used to further verify the identity of these miRNAs. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and bioinformatics analysis were also used. Results. The expression levels of miR-125b-5p and miR-196a-5p were upregulated in STAD serum, compared with the HCs, while miR-1-3p and miR-149-5p showed the opposite result. A four-serum miRNA panel was constructed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was found to be 0.892 (95% CI: 0.834 to 0.936, sensitivity = 86.25 % , specificity = 78.75 % ). Only miR-125b-5p expression showed a significant difference between STAD patients and NCs in the survival analysis. The neurotrophin signaling pathway was associated with 4 miRNAs identified in STAD patients. Conclusion. The four-serum miRNA panel has great potential to be used as a noninvasive biomarker for STAD diagnosis.

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“…However, there are still many challenges to be solved, among them, how to deliver the miRNAs to the cell of interest and how to control side effects in the context of a systemic application. Recent work has addressed this issue extensively [89,91]. So far, there is no experimental evidence of manipulation of miR-615 for therapeutic purposes.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The versatility in the action of miRNAs as powerful regulators of gene expression makes them a therapeutic tool with great potential for the treatment of diverse diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases [ 89 , 90 ]. In this regard, the most studied strategies are: (1) the restitution of the concentration of a repressed miRNA, thus restoring its inhibitory effects on other molecules; (2) the inhibition of an overexpressed miRNA that is pathologically inhibiting some signaling pathway.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair

Godínez-Rubí

Ortuño-Sahagún

2020

Cells

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases. In the present review, we focus on miR-615, a miRNA highly conserved across eutherian mammals. It is involved not only during embryogenesis in the regulation of growth and development, for instance during osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but also in the regulation of cell growth and the proliferation and migration of cells, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. It therefore serves as a biomarker for several types of cancer, and recently has also been found to be involved in reparative processes and neural repair. In addition, we present the pleiad of functions in which miR-615 is involved, as well as their multiple target genes and the multiple regulatory molecules involved in its own expression. We do this by introducing in a comprehensible way the reported knowledge of their actions and interactions and proposing an integral view of its regulatory mechanisms.

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The current state of MiRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic tools

Cited by 49 publications

References 79 publications

Increasing Fracture Risk Associates With Plasma Circulating MicroRNAs in Aging People’s Sarcopenia

Increasing Fracture Risk Associates With Plasma Circulating MicroRNAs in Aging People’s Sarcopenia

Use of a Four-miRNA Panel as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Stomach Adenocarcinoma

miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair

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