The Cumulus, Photogrammetric, In Situ, and Doppler Observations Experiment of 2006

Damiani, Rick; Zehnder, Joseph A.; Geerts, Bart; Demko, J. Cory; Haimov, S.; Petti, J. R.; Poulos, Gregory S.; Razdan, Anshuman; Hu, Jiuxiang; Leuthold, Michael; French, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1175/bams-89-1-57

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…While these research programmes addressed a broad range of scientific questions, a number of other campaigns targeted specific phenomena, generally in mountain areas with relatively limited geographical extent (ASCOT [26], BLLAST [27], COLPEX [28], COPS [29], CUPIDO [30], DOMEX [31], MATERHORN [32], METCRAX [33], METCRAX II [34], PAP [35], PCAPS [36], Pic 2005 [37], TRACT [38], T-REX [39], VERTIKATOR [40], VOTALP [41], and VTMX [42]). Although they did not focus primarily on exchange in the ABL over mountains, all of these experimental efforts indirectly led to significant progress in the understanding of the relevant processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The exchange of heat, momentum, and mass in the atmosphere over mountainous terrain is controlled by synoptic-scale dynamics, thermally driven mesoscale circulations, and turbulence. This article reviews the key challenges relevant to the understanding of exchange processes in the mountain boundary layer and outlines possible research priorities for the future. The review describes the limitations of the experimental study of turbulent exchange over complex terrain, the impact of slope and valley breezes on the structure of the convective boundary layer, and the role of intermittent mixing and wave-turbulence interaction in the stable boundary layer. The interplay between exchange processes at different spatial scales is discussed in depth, emphasizing the role of elevated and ground-based stable layers in controlling multi-scale interactions in the atmosphere over and near mountains. Implications of the current understanding of exchange processes over mountains towards the improvement of numerical weather prediction and climate models are discussed, considering in particular the representation of surface boundary conditions, the parameterization of sub-grid-scale exchange, and the development of stochastic perturbation schemes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

et al. 2018

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“…Convergence of upslope winds is an important convection initiation mechanism. Midlevel moistening associated with convective transport is narrowly focused over the mountain ridges (e.g., Orville 1968;Banta 1990;Damiani et al 2008) and, if the wind is weak or absent, builds up for some time, leading to strong preconditioning and favoring the transition from shallow to deep convection (e.g., Kirshbaum 2011). Cloud organization (e.g., Kirshbaum and Grant 2012) and a supportive environment are also important contributing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idealized Large-Eddy and Convection-Resolving Simulations of Moist Convection over Mountainous Terrain

Panosetti

Böing

Schlemmer

et al. 2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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On summertime fair-weather days, thermally driven wind systems play an important role in determining the initiation of convection and the occurrence of localized precipitation episodes over mountainous terrain. This study compares the mechanisms of convection initiation and precipitation development within a thermally driven flow over an idealized double-ridge system in large-eddy (LESs) and convection-resolving (CRM) simulations. First, LES at a horizontal grid spacing of 200 m is employed to analyze the developing circulations and associated clouds and precipitation. Second, CRM simulations at horizontal grid length of 1 km are conducted to evaluate the performance of a kilometer-scale model in reproducing the discussed mechanisms.Mass convergence and a weaker inhibition over the two ridges flanking the valley combine with water vapor advection by upslope winds to initiate deep convection. In the CRM simulations, the spatial distribution of clouds and precipitation is generally well captured. However, if the mountains are high enough to force the thermally driven flow into an elevated mixed layer, the transition to deep convection occurs faster, precipitation is generated earlier, and surface rainfall rates are higher compared to the LES. Vertical turbulent fluxes remain largely unresolved in the CRM simulations and are underestimated by the model, leading to stronger upslope winds and increased horizontal moisture advection toward the mountain summits. The choice of the turbulence scheme and the employment of a shallow convection parameterization in the CRM simulations change the strength of the upslope winds, thereby influencing the simulated timing and intensity of convective precipitation.

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“…Similar questions were addressed by the IMPROVE campaign in the northwestern USA (Stoelinga et al, 2003), which considered wintertime stratiform precipitation. CuPIDO (Damiani et al, 2008) was an example of a smaller field campaign dedicated to the specific issue of convection over an isolated mountain. The motivation for the recent campaigns is the desire to improve representation of precipitation in mesoscale numerical models and to improve the forecasting of precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the wind profile on the initiation of convection in mountainous terrain

Hagen

Baelen

Richard

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The Cumulus, Photogrammetric, In Situ, and Doppler Observations Experiment of 2006

Abstract: Detailed airborne and ground-based measurements, including radar and stereocamera data, were collected over an isolated mountain in Arizona to study the dynamics of cumulus clouds evolving from shallow to deep convection.

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

Idealized Large-Eddy and Convection-Resolving Simulations of Moist Convection over Mountainous Terrain

Influence of the wind profile on the initiation of convection in mountainous terrain

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