The covert channel over HTTP protocol

Graniszewski, Waldemar; Krupski, Jacek; Szczypiorski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1117/12.2249322

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this case, the information can be embedded by manipulating the packet timing information (i.e., covert timing channel) [6][7][8][9][10] or putting some bits into the packet headers (i.e., covert storage channel) [11,12]. So-called network steganography understood in a broad sense can be applied to both physical layer symbol frames [13], protocols of medium access control (MAC) [14], routing [15], networks [16], or higher layers, e.g., Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) [11], Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [17], and Domain Name System (DNS) [18]. These methods can be applied in homogeneous wired and wireless networks (e.g., accordant with the IEEE 802.11 standard [12,13]) as well as in heterogeneous ad hoc networks (e.g., [15]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless Covert Channel Based on Dirty Constellation with Phase Drift

2021

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Modern telecommunications systems require the use of various transmission techniques, which are either open or hidden. The open transmission system uses various security techniques against its unauthorized reception, and cryptographic solutions ensure the highest security. In the case of hidden transmissions, steganographic techniques are used, which are based on the so-called covert channels. In this case, the transparency and stealth of the transmission ensure its security against being picked up by an unauthorized user. These covert channels can be implemented in multimedia content, network protocols, or physical layer transmissions. This paper focuses on wireless covert channels. We present a novel method of steganographic transmission which is based on phase drift in phase-shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and is included in the so-called dirty constellation techniques. The proposed approach is based on the drift correction modulation method, which was previously used in the watermarking of audio-signals. The developed solution is characterized by a variable bit rate, which can be adapted to the used modulation type and transmission conditions occurring in radio channels. In the paper, we present the method of generating and receiving hidden information, simulation research, and practical implementation of the proposed solution using the software-defined radio platform for selected QAM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless Covert Channel Based on Dirty Constellation with Phase Drift

2021

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“…Another covert channel for HTTP 1.1 and up, given by Graniszewski, et al [15], uses Trailer field in the HTTP header for hiding data. The Trailer response header field allows the sender to include additional fields at the end of chunked messages in order to supply metadata that might be dynamically generated while the message body is sent, such as a message integrity check, digital signature, or post-processing status.…”

Section: Covert Channels In Previous Versions Of the Http/2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganography of Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)

Dimitrova¹,

Mileva²

2017

JCC

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Network steganography consists of different steganographic technics that utilize network protocols for hiding data. We present nine new covert channels which utilize the new standard, HTTP/2, and which can be used regardless its transport carrier (TLS or clear TCP). These covert channels use a protocol feature that has dual nature (for example, no padding can be represented in two ways); or a feature that is not mandatory (as streams prioritization and dependencies); or random value field (as PING frame payload field); or there is no strict rule how to obtain new values for some fields (as stream identifiers). As far as we know, this is the first research about hiding data in HTTP/2. Also, we give a small survey of existing covert channels that can be created using HTTP/1.x, with the analysis do they work or not work with the HTTP/2.

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A Covert Information Transmission Scheme Based on High Frequency Acoustic Wave Channel

Zou

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The covert channel over HTTP protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A Wireless Covert Channel Based on Dirty Constellation with Phase Drift

A Wireless Covert Channel Based on Dirty Constellation with Phase Drift

Steganography of Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)

A Covert Information Transmission Scheme Based on High Frequency Acoustic Wave Channel

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