The cortisol response to social stress in social anxiety disorder

Vaccarino, Oriana; Levitan, Robert D.; Ravindran, Arun

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2015.03.004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…However, a statistically significant finding indicating that mothers of reactive participants scored their parenting style more negatively than mothers of nonreactive participants partially confirmed this hypothesis. In line with our data, increased reactivity to stressors was associated with higher previous exposure to childhood maltreatment (Fogelman & Canli, 2018; Vaccarino et al., 2015). Likewise, lowered morning cortisol levels in adults have been previously associated with childhood maltreatment (Bernard et al., 2017; Kuras et al., 2017; van der Vegt et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems activity in young adults raised by mothers with mental health and substance abuse problems: A prospective cohort study

Burenkova

Podturkin²,

Naumova

et al. 2021

Developmental Psychobiology

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Among the well-known physiological consequences of early adverse environments is dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. A number of studies demonstrate that negative parenting and living with parents with a history of substance abuse and mental health problems may be associated with HPA axis dysregulation in children. In contrast, studies of more delayed effects in adult offspring, especially prospective, are still scarce. This study was a prospective longitudinal investigation of the association between maternal mental illnesses/substance abuse and maternal negative parenting/parental stress on one side and, on the other side, adult offspring outcomes 10 years later-specifically, we studied the activity of offspring's neuroendocrine (cortisol) and autonomic (heart rate) systems when exposed to a mild psychological stressor. Children of mothers with mental illnesses and/or substance abuse were exposed to more disadvantaged conditions (higher negative parenting and community violence). Despite this, maternal risk groups (having a mother with mental illnesses and/or substance abuse) were not associated with any of the indicators of stress systems activity. Regardless of the risk group, participants with dysregulated HPA axis activity experienced a higher level of negative parenting. Altogether, our study provides evidence that negative parenting may have long-lasting effects on stress-sensitive physiological mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems activity in young adults raised by mothers with mental health and substance abuse problems: A prospective cohort study

Burenkova

Podturkin²,

Naumova

et al. 2021

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Early life stress is also related to an altered cortisol awakening response (Butler, Klaus, Edwards, & Pennington, 2017; Engert, Efanov, Dedovic, Dagher, & Pruessner, 2011; Fogelman & Canli, 2018; Gonzalez, Jenkins, Steiner, & Fleming, 2009) and evening cortisol levels (Engert et al, 2011; Gustafsson et al, 2010) in adulthood in both positive and negative directions. Additionally, adults with a history of child abuse and neglect have been reported to exhibit signs of HPA axis dysregulation as evidenced by greater (Heim et al, 2000; Luecken & Appelhans, 2006; Pesonen et al, 2010; Vaccarino, Levitan, & Ravindran, 2015) and blunted levels (Cărnuţă, Crişan, Vulturar, Opre, & Miu, 2015; Carpenter et al, 2007; Carpenter, Shattuck, Tyrka, Geracioti, & Price, 2011; Elzinga et al, 2008; Janusek, Tell, Gaylord‐Harden, & Mathews, 2017; Lovallo, Farag, Sorocco, Cohoon, & Vincent, 2012) of cortisol reactivity in response to acute psychosocial stressors. Early life stress‐induced HPA‐axis dysregulation has also been seen in non‐human primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stress and HPA axis function independently predict adult depressive symptoms in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines

Kim

Adam

Bechayda

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Alterations in adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have increasingly been linked with early life stress and adult depression, but a limited number of studies have used longitudinal data to explore HPA axis dysregulation as an underlying mechanism driving the long-term depressive impacts of early stressors. Here we address potential long-term impacts of early life, family-based stress on depressive symptoms among young adults in a longitudinal birth cohort study begun in 1983 in the Philippines. Materials and methods: We relate a composite measure of family-based stressors experienced between birth and adolescence to circadian dynamics in adult salivary cortisol and depressive risk measured at 21-22 years of age. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between early life stress levels and risk of adult depressive symptoms, as well as the role of adult diurnal cortisol activity in this relationship. Results: Greater levels of early life familial stress predicted more severe depressive symptomatology at age 21-22 in a dose-response fashion (p < .0001) independent of adult diurnal cortisol patterns. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes are directly associated with higher adult depressive symptoms, an effect mostly driven by evening cortisol levels (p = .004). When considering the cumulative effects of early life stress measures, however, exposure to more of these stressors during development is associated with even higher depressive symptoms. Discussion: The long-term depressive effects of early life familial stress extend to this large sample of Cebuano young adults, and early life stress and HPA axis function may shape adult depressive symptoms through independent pathways in this sample. Our findings provide further evidence that HPA axis activity is shaped by early life conditions and is associated with depressive symptoms. K E Y W O R D S depression, developmental origins of health and disease, early life stress, family stress, global mental health, HPA axis, low-and middle-income countries, Philippines 1 | INTRODUCTION Depression accounts for a large and growing burden of disease worldwide and disproportionately impacts individuals living in low-and middle-income countries (Patel 2007; Vigo et al. 2016). Increasing evidence suggests that physical, nutritional, and psychosocial insults increase the risk of adult depression and other forms of mental and physical illnesses, particularly when individuals endure these impacts

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“…A recent meta‐analysis of effects of ELS on HPA‐axis function concluded that, on average, ELS is associated with blunted cortisol responses to stress (Bunea et al, 2017). However, findings of individual studies are mixed, with studies reporting attenuated (Carpenter et al, 2009; Carpenter et al, 2011; G. E. Miller et al, 2007), exaggerated (Pesonen et al, 2010; Tyrka et al, 2008; Vaccarino et al, 2015), as well as not significantly different (Andreotti et al, 2015; Phassouliotis et al, 2013) cortisol responses to stress in individuals with ELS, which may be due to heterogeneity in type and severity of ELS. We did find an association between ELS and lower basal cortisol specifically at early afternoon, when overall levels were higher than during late afternoon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild early‐life stress exaggerates the impact of acute stress on corticolimbic resting‐state functional connectivity

Wang

Leeuwen

Voogd

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Abundant evidence shows that early‐life stress (ELS) predisposes for the development of stress‐related psychopathology when exposed to stressors later in life, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To study predisposing effects of mild ELS on stress sensitivity, we examined in a healthy human population the impact of a history of ELS on acute stress‐related changes in corticolimbic circuits involved in emotional processing (i.e., amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC]). Healthy young male participants (n = 120) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two separate sessions (stress induction vs. control). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered to index self‐reported ELS, and stress induction was verified using salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate and subjective affect. Our findings show that self‐reported ELS was negatively associated with baseline cortisol, but not with the acute stress‐induced cortisol response. Critically, individuals with more self‐reported ELS exhibited an exaggerated reduction of functional connectivity in corticolimbic circuits under acute stress. A mediation analysis showed that the association between ELS and stress‐induced changes in amygdala–hippocampal connectivity became stronger when controlling for basal cortisol. Our findings show, in a healthy sample, that the effects of mild ELS on functioning of corticolimbic circuits only become apparent when exposed to an acute stressor and may be buffered by adaptations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Overall, our findings might reveal a potential mechanism whereby even mild ELS might confer vulnerability to exposure to stressors later in adulthood.

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The cortisol response to social stress in social anxiety disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems activity in young adults raised by mothers with mental health and substance abuse problems: A prospective cohort study

Neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems activity in young adults raised by mothers with mental health and substance abuse problems: A prospective cohort study

Early life stress and HPA axis function independently predict adult depressive symptoms in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines

Mild early‐life stress exaggerates the impact of acute stress on corticolimbic resting‐state functional connectivity

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