The corpus callosum: white matter or terra incognita

Fitsiori, Aikaterini; Nguyen, Duy; Karentzos, Alexandros; Delavelle, J; Vargas, Maria Isabel

doi:10.1259/bjr/21946513

Cited by 80 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest portion of white matter in the human brain; it is located at its center between the right and left hemispheres and is responsible mainly for inter-hemispheric communication [5]. Morphological, electrophysiological, and neurophysiological studies have suggested alterations in the CC of schizophrenia patients [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of the corpus callosum unravel pivotal players in the dysfunction of cell signaling, structure, and myelination in schizophrenia brains

Saia-Cereda

Cassoli

Schmitt

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Schizophrenia is an incurable and debilitating mental disorder that may affect up to 1% of the world population. Morphological, electrophysiological, and neurophysiological studies suggest that the corpus callosum (CC), which is the largest portion of white matter in the human brain and responsible for inter-hemispheric communication, is altered in schizophrenia patients. Here, we employed mass spectrometry-based proteomics to investigate the molecular underpinnings of schizophrenia. Brain tissue samples were collected postmortem from nine schizophrenia patients and seven controls at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Because the CC has a signaling role, we collected cytoplasmic (soluble) proteins and submitted them to nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). Proteomes were quantified by label-free spectral counting. We identified 5678 unique peptides that corresponded to 1636 proteins belonging to 1512 protein families. Of those proteins, 65 differed significantly in expression: 28 were upregulated and 37 downregulated. Our data increased significantly the knowledge derived from an earlier proteomic study of the CC. Among the differentially expressed proteins are those associated with cell growth and maintenance, such as neurofilaments and tubulins; cell communication and signaling, such as 14-3-3 proteins; and oligodendrocyte function, such as myelin basic protein and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Additionally, 30 of the differentially expressed proteins were found previously in other proteomic studies in postmortem brains; this overlap in findings validates the present study and indicates that these proteins may be markers consistently associated with schizophrenia. Our findings increase the understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology and may serve as a foundation for further treatment strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of the corpus callosum unravel pivotal players in the dysfunction of cell signaling, structure, and myelination in schizophrenia brains

Saia-Cereda

Cassoli

Schmitt

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…This results from the preponderance of neurons in the ATL [17], whereas glial cells and neuronal axons are more predominant in the CC [18]. It is important to compare proteomic profiles of these two regions of the brain mainly because this gives a more integrated view of brain function and not only what happens only with the neurons, as is typical of most other brain proteomic studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nuclear Proteome of White and Gray Matter from Schizophrenia Postmortem Brains

et al. 2017

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder that manifests through several symptoms from early adulthood. Numerous studies over the last decades have led to significant advances in increasing our understanding of the factors involved in SCZ. For example, mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis has provided important insights by uncovering protein dysfunctions inherent to SCZ. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the nuclear proteome of postmortem brain tissues from corpus callosum (CC) and anterior temporal lobe (ATL). We show an overview of the role of deregulated nuclear proteins in these two main regions of the brain: the first, mostly composed of glial cells and axons of neurons, and the second, represented mainly by neuronal cell bodies. These samples were collected from SCZ patients in an attempt to characterize the role of the nucleus in the disease process. With the ATL nucleus enrichment, we found 224 proteins present at different levels, and 76 of these were nuclear proteins. In the CC analysis, we identified 119 present at different levels, and 24 of these were nuclear proteins. The differentially expressed nuclear proteins of ATL are mainly associated with the spliceosome, whereas those of the CC region are associated with calcium/calmodulin signaling.

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“…Major portion of the corpus callosum receives its arterial supply from the carotid system except for splenium, which is supplied by the vertebrobasilar system [14]. MRI is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool as well as to monitor the evolution toward partial or total regression [11,15].…”

Section: Hyperintense Rims and Hypointense Cores On Flair Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Brain MRI in the Diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

Cm¹,

Cagy²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurology and Neurological Disorders

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Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a neurological disorder that has been found to be associated with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition. We report a 45 year old man, chronic alcoholic that developed discouragement for activities involving daily living, changes in retrograde memory in addition to mutism and gait instability. Brain MRI showed central atrophy of the corpus callosum(CC), hypointensity(necrosis) and ventricular dilation(white matter and subcortical region involvement). Pathological characteristics include isolated demyelination and axonal loss in the central layer of the CC sparing the dorsal and ventral layer. This pattern of necrosis of the middle layer of the CCis a typical finding in the disease. The clinical diagnosis has considerably changed during recent decades after brain MRI provided the opportunity of a reliable in-vivo diagnosis. With early detection and treatment, the prognosis of MBD may be good. Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare complication related to alcohol abuse and chronic malnutrition which results in demyelination and symmetrical necrosis of the central layer of the corpus callosum [1]. Serum anion gap and osmotic gap can be observed in patients ingesting etanol. The serum anion gap still might be high, which could lead to the demyelination syndrome. The increase in serum osmolarity produced by alcohol is relied onserum concentration, molecular weights, and metabolic rate. Toxic effects of alcohol and its metabolites can cause demyelination of the corpus callosum [2]. Despite alcohol is the principal element, there are other causes that can be factors such as cyanide and CO poisoning, sepsis, sickle cell disease and Plasmodium infection [3]. The clinical presentation is variable, including mental confusion, dementia, psychosis, spasticity and dysarthria [4]. Since the symptoms are not specific, the clinical diagnosis can be difficult, being the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pivotal value in the investigation [5]. Diffuse thickening of the CC andT1 and T2 prolonged areas in the CC are considered characteristic MRI findings at the acute phase. It has been reported that the first change on MRI is diffuse swelling of the corpus callosum, followed by a genu lesion, and finally by a splenium lesion, sparing the rostrum [5,6]. T1-weighted MRI in the subacute to chronic stage shows hypointense cystic-necrotic lesions in the corpus callosum in addition to callosal atrophy. Extracallosal lesions have been reported involving predominantly the periventricular white matter or the basal ganglia [7].

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The corpus callosum: white matter or terra incognita

Cited by 80 publications

References 26 publications

Proteomics of the corpus callosum unravel pivotal players in the dysfunction of cell signaling, structure, and myelination in schizophrenia brains

Proteomics of the corpus callosum unravel pivotal players in the dysfunction of cell signaling, structure, and myelination in schizophrenia brains

The Nuclear Proteome of White and Gray Matter from Schizophrenia Postmortem Brains

The Importance of Brain MRI in the Diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

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