The Core Brain Region for Face Processing in Schizophrenia Lacks Face Selectivity

Maher, Stephen; Ekstrom, Tor; Holt, Daphne J.; Öngür, Döst; Chen, Yue

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv140

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In this study, we did not observe significant differences in resting-state FC and clinical characteristics between the TCS and MTCS patients. Consistent with previous studies, [54][55][56] TCS and MTCS patients showed decreased FC patterns compared with HCs in our study, which also supports the disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia. 54,57 Furthermore, in all patients with chronic schizophrenia, signals of full-range and short-range FC in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus were associated with the onset age and the duration of illness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…60 The fusiform gyrus plays a major role in processing facial signals, and an aberrant state of the fusiform gyrus is related to abnormal facial processing in schizophrenia. 55,61,62 The alterations in the inferior occipital gyrus may be involved in facial processing in schizophrenia. 63 The altered connectivity in these regions correlated with the onset age and the disease course in schizophrenia, suggesting that decreased full-and short-range FC of the overlapping regions may reflect an ongoing pathological process of chronic schizophrenia.…”

Section: Overlapping Regions Between the Tcs And Mtcs Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia

Miao

Wang

et al. 2020

Can J Psychiatry

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Objective: To explore the effect of long-term antipsychotics use on the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Method: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 15 patients with continuously treated chronic schizophrenia (TCS), 19 patients with minimally TCS (MTCS), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated and compared the whole-brain FC strength (FCS; including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) among patients with TCS, MTCS, and HCs. Results: Patients with TCS and MTCS showed reduced full-/short-range FC compared with the HCs. No significant differences in the whole-brain FCS (including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) or clinical characteristics were identified between patients with TCS and MTCS. Additionally, the FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus negatively correlated with the duration of illness and positively correlated with onset age across all patients with chronic schizophrenia. Conclusions: Regardless of the long-term use of antipsychotics, patients with chronic schizophrenia show decreased FC compared with healthy individuals. For some patients with chronic schizophrenia, the influence of long-term and minimal/short-term antipsychotic exposure on resting-state FC was similar. The decreased full- and short-range FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus may be an ongoing pathological process that is not altered by antipsychotic interventions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are still needed for further exploration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Overlapping Regions Between the Tcs And Mtcs Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia

Miao

Wang

et al. 2020

Can J Psychiatry

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“…The participants of this study also participated in an fMRI study in which BOLD response in fusiform face area (FFA) were acquired using identical task paradigms (Maher et al 2015). The fMRI acquisition and result are summarized in Supplement 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we compared N170 responses and fMRI responses in FFA to the same face and tree stimuli and in the same participants. The combined analysis with the fMRI data, available from a recent study (Maher et al 2015), gives a better understanding of the relationship between spatial and temporal markers of face-specific processing in schizophrenia. A lack of face-specific processing may accompany altered spatial localization and temporal dynamics of cortical response, or a disrupted relationship between the two domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient cortical face-sensitive N170 responses and basic visual processing in schizophrenia

Maher

Mashhoon

Ekstrom

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Face detection, an ability to identify a visual stimulus as a face, is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. It is unclear whether impaired face processing in this psychiatric disorder results from face-specific domains or stems from more basic visual domains. In this study, we examined cortical face-sensitive N170 response in schizophrenia, taking into account deficient basic visual contrast processing. Methods We equalized visual contrast signals among patients (n=20) and controls (n=20) and between face and tree images, based on their individual perceptual capacities (determined using psychophysical methods). We measured N170, a putative temporal marker of face processing, during face detection and tree detection. Results In controls, N170 amplitudes were significantly greater for faces than trees across all three visual contrast levels tested (perceptual threshold, two times perceptual threshold and 100%). In patients, however, N170 amplitudes did not differ between faces and trees, indicating diminished face selectivity (indexed by the differential responses to face vs. tree). Conclusion These results indicate a lack of face-selectivity in temporal responses of brain machinery putatively responsible for face processing in schizophrenia. This neuroimaging finding suggests that face-specific processing is compromised in this psychiatric disorder.

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“…One consistent cognitive dysfunction in people diagnosed with schizophrenia involves non-emotional face processing (for reviews see Darke et al, 2013; Onitsuka et al, 2013; Watson, 2013; Bortolon et al, 2015; McCleery et al, 2015) both at behavioral (Chen, 2011; Maher et al, 2015, 2016) and physiological levels (Herrmann et al, 2004; Onitsuka et al, 2006; Tsunoda et al, 2012; Maher et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sluggishness of Early-Stage Face Processing (N170) Is Correlated with Negative and General Psychiatric Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Zheng

Ning

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Patients with schizophrenia consistently exhibit abnormalities in the N170 event-related potential (ERP) component evoked by images of faces. However, the relationship between these face-specific N170 abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and the clinical characteristics of this disorder has not been elucidated. Here, ERP recordings were conducted for patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The amplitude and latency of the N170 component were recorded while participants passively viewed face and non-face (table) images to explore the correlation between face-specific processing and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia. The results provided evidence for a face-specific N170 latency delay in patients with schizophrenia. The N170 latency in patients with schizophrenia was significantly longer than that in healthy controls when images of faces were presented in both upright and inverted orientations. Importantly, the face-related N170 latencies of the left temporo-occipital electrodes (P7 and PO7) were positively correlated with both negative and general psychiatric symptoms in these patients. The N170 amplitudes were weaker in patients than in controls for inverted images of both faces and non-faces (tables), with a left-hemisphere dominance. The face inversion effect (FIE), meaning the difference in N170 amplitude between upright and inverted faces, was absent in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting an abnormality of holistic face processing. Together, these results revealed a marked symptom-relevant neural delay associated with face-specific processing in patients with schizophrenia, providing additional evidence to support the demyelination hypothesis of schizophrenia.

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The Core Brain Region for Face Processing in Schizophrenia Lacks Face Selectivity

Abstract: These results show a lack of face-specific processing in the schizophrenic brain region presumably subserving face perception. This finding suggests boosting visual salience of face images as a potential therapeutic venue for improving face perception in this psychiatric disorder.

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia

Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia

Deficient cortical face-sensitive N170 responses and basic visual processing in schizophrenia

Sluggishness of Early-Stage Face Processing (N170) Is Correlated with Negative and General Psychiatric Symptoms in Schizophrenia

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