The contraceptive potential of Carica papaya seed on oestrus cycle, progesterone, and histomorphology of the Utero-ovarian tissue of adult wistar rats

Abstract

Objective: The study’s goal was to ascertain the contraceptive effects of Aqueous extract of Carica papaya on female rats by assessing changes in the body weight, estrous cycle, serum progesterone level and the cyto-architecture of the Utero-ovarian tissue. Methods: We used twenty (20) healthy young Adult Female Albino rats. The study ran for 7 and 21 days, respectively. Each study group has their Experimental (treated 200mg/kg aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed extract) and Control group (n=5). We determined daily the phases and frequencies of the estrous cycles of the rats during the administration of the extract. We processed the utero-ovarian tissue for histological analysis, and we assessed serum progesterone level and the oestrus cycle pattern. Results: There was a significant increase in body and Ovarian weights after 21 days of treatment when compared to controls and those treated for 7 days. However, uterine weight reduced significantly ( p <0.05), serum progesterone level decreased ( p <0.05) in the treated rats, mostly in those submitted to 21 day-treatments; the ovary showed marked degeneration of the theca cells, granulosa and corpus luteum, and loss of mucin granules in the uterine tissues. Carica papaya administered for 7 and 21 days caused the animals to have more proestrus and diestrus phases as compared to the control animals. The estrous cycle became irregular, with prolonged diestrous and proestrus phase. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds caused antifertility, anti-implantation, by a reduction in progesterone level, disruption of oestrus pattern and histological alteration of utero-ovarian tissue.

Histomorphometric and biochemical activities of bioactive component of Cyperus esculentus tubers extract on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome and cholesterol homeostasis in female Sprague-Dawley rats

“…49 Furthermore, rats with PCOS had an extended diestrus phase and did not have a regular estrus cycle. 53 which corroborate our findings in this study, since the reduction in the frequency of estrous cycles in PCOS rats resulting in anovulation which occurs at an early stage of pro-estrous to the end of oestrus, 54 leading to female infertility. 55 Treatment of PCOS rats with CES aqueous extract significantly decreases rats’ body and ovarian weight relative to control and regulate the prolonged diestrus phase of the estrus cycle.…”

The Effects of Calina Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract On Estrus Cycle And Uterus Morphology of Wistar Rats

“…Table 3 also shows that there is no significant difference in uterine weight and the ratio of uterus to final body weight in all treatments (P>0.05). Many factors affect uterus weight and ratio such as uterus wet weight, endometrial thickness, fat content, age of experimental animals, body weight of experimental animals, and levels of hormones produced by the uterus glands (Memudu & Oluwole, 2021). It is suspected that the ethanol extract of Calina papaya leaves at all doses has not been able to affect the weight and uterine ratio of wistar rats.…”

Molecular docking analysis of Carica papaya leaf’s bioactive components as prolactin production modulator

“…However, the scientific empirical evidence and the mechanism of action have yet to be elucidated. Papaya leaves contain alkaloids (carpain and pseudocarpain), enzymes (papain, chymopapain, cystatin), tocopherols, ascorbic acid, tannins, nicotinic acid, saponins, peonidin, chlorogenic acid, coumarin compounds, phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid), and protocatechuic acid as the major phytochemicals and flavonoids [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The extract of juvenile papaya leaves contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and several amino acids [25].…”