The Contour Lines of the Upper Lip and a Revised Method of Cleft Lip Repair

Onizuka, Takuya; Ichinose, Masaharu; Hosaka, Yoshiaki; Usui, Yoshihiro; Jinnai, Takao

doi:10.1097/00000637-199109000-00008

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, our HTS rate in Asians is comparable to rates published by Japanese surgeons, up to 27% 8,9. The majority of published reports have investigated the formation of HTS as a complication of thermal injuries, which appear to have a higher frequency than those associated with surgical wounds 10.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Hypertrophic scarring in cleft lip repair: a comparison of incidence among ethnic groups

Soltani¹,

Francis²,

Motamed³

et al. 2012

CLEP

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BackgroundAlthough hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation following cleft lip repair is relatively common, published rates vary widely, from 1% to nearly 50%. The risk factors associated with HTS formation in cleft patients are not well characterized. The primary aim of this retrospective study of 180 cleft lip repairs is to evaluate the frequency of postoperative HTS among various ethnic groups following cleft lip repair.MethodsA retrospective chart view of patients undergoing primary cleft lip repair over a 16-year period (1990–2005) by the senior surgeon was performed. The primary outcome was the presence of HTS at 1 year postoperatively. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate potential risk factors for HTS, including ethnicity, type and laterality of cleft, and gender.ResultsOne hundred and eighty patients who underwent cleft lip repair were included in the study. The overall rate of postoperative HTS formation was 25%. Ethnicity alone was found to be an independent predictor of HTS formation. Caucasian patients had the lowest rate of HTS formation (11.8%) and were used as the reference group. HTS rates were significantly higher in the other ethnicities, 32.2% in Hispanic patients (odds ratio [OR]: 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53–8.85), and 36.3% for Asian patients (OR 4.27; 95% CI: 1.36–13.70). Sex, cleft type, and cleft laterality were not associated with increased rates of HTS.ConclusionsDifferences in ethnic makeup of respective patient populations may be a major factor influencing the wide variability of reported HTS rates. Consideration should be given to potential prophylactic treatments for HTS in susceptible ethnic populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Hypertrophic scarring in cleft lip repair: a comparison of incidence among ethnic groups

Soltani¹,

Francis²,

Motamed³

et al. 2012

CLEP

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“…Knowledge of the proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area has a major impact on the perception of facial aesthetics [9,10,13,30]. It is possible to enlarge, refine, shorten and reshape lips with surgical techniques or with nonsurgical procedures like injectable soft tissue fillers such as bovine collagen or hyaluronic acid [8,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

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Background Lip augmentation and changing contour lines have become more popular ways of improving the appearance. However, validated measures of lip fullness for quantification of outcomes are needed; ethnic background and personal goals can optimise outcomes while tailoring lip enhancement treatment to each individual's anatomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological features of the lip in detail and to clarify the objective parameters in related with the subjective ones regarding the lip augmentation and lip reconstruction. Methods Standard photographs of the lips of 200 young Anatolian adults were calculated with linear and angular components. The features of the lower third of the face were analysed with the software program. Linear analyses (heights of the upper lip, the upper vermilion, the lower lip height, the lower vermillion and the chin height) and angular analyses (the upper lip, the lower lip, the apex and Cupid's bow angles) were measured as reference points. The lip shape was classified into five groups: thin, very thin, medium, full and very full. Results The lower third of the face was divided into three segments (Sn-Sto, Sm-Me and Sto-Sm), and the largest portion of the lower face was occupied by the chin and the smallest by the lower lip height in both genders. The upper vermilion height was 8.07 ± 1.8 mm in males and 7.08 ± 1.5 mm in females. The lower vermilion height was 10.1 ± 2.4 mm in males and 9.7 ± 1.9 mm in females. The upper lip angle was calculated as 30.3 ± 9.6°in males and 24.2 ± 6.2°mm in females. The lower lip angle was calculated as 38.3 ± 9.7°in males and 36.5 ± 6.4°in females. Meanwhile, the angular measurements of Cupid's bow (i.e., the apex and the central angle of Cupid's bow) were smaller in men than in women. When the lip was analyzed, the medium and full types in upper and lower lips accounted for substantial fractions in men, whereas medium and thin types were predominant also in women. Conclusions With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to define the best cosmetical redesign solution of lip construction and augmentation with a natural appearance for the patient. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.

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“…The incidence of hypertrophic upper lip scars ranges between 12 and 27 percent in the mixed population but increases when controlled for ethnicity to 32.2 percent in Hispanics and 36.3 percent in Asians. 1,7,8 In addition, primary cheiloplasty scars are more conspicuous because they do not align with the relaxed skin tension lines of the face.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%