The consumption ratio of flavouring materials: A mechanism for setting priorities for safety evaluation

Animal Use and Lessons Learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program

“…Another example is the U.S. EPA’s treatment of the ionone derivatives category, substances which naturally occur in plants containing β-carotene. The Flavor and Fragrance High Production Volume Consortia (FFHPVC), which sponsored this category, cited studies showing that human exposure is more likely via consumption of fruits and vegetables than by consumption of products flavored with these substances (Stofberg and Grundschober 1987; Stofberg and Kirschman 1985) and noted that ionone derivatives are recognized by the FDA as being generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food (FFHPVC 2002). Based on these factors and existing data from studies already conducted, the FFHPVC proposed no new animal tests, yet the U.S. EPA recommended a new developmental toxicity test that uses > 1,000 animals (Hernandez 2002b).…”

Animal Use and Lessons Learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program

“…Another example is the U.S. EPA’s treatment of the ionone derivatives category, substances which naturally occur in plants containing β-carotene. The Flavor and Fragrance High Production Volume Consortia (FFHPVC), which sponsored this category, cited studies showing that human exposure is more likely via consumption of fruits and vegetables than by consumption of products flavored with these substances (Stofberg and Grundschober 1987; Stofberg and Kirschman 1985) and noted that ionone derivatives are recognized by the FDA as being generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food (FFHPVC 2002). Based on these factors and existing data from studies already conducted, the FFHPVC proposed no new animal tests, yet the U.S. EPA recommended a new developmental toxicity test that uses > 1,000 animals (Hernandez 2002b).…”

Cinnamaldehyde in Focus: Antimicrobial Properties, Biosynthetic Pathway, and Industrial Applications

“…TCA is widely used in the cosmetic industry, primarily as a fragrance ingredient in various products. Approximately 95% of its consumption is thanks to its flavoring properties [ 30 ]. TCA can be found in fine fragrances, decorative cosmetics, shampoos, and toiletries, as well as in non-cosmetic products like household cleaners and detergents.…”

The Safety of Flavorings

“…Another approach for priority setting based on the Consumption Ratio was proposed by J. Stofberg (Stofberg 1981;Stofberg and Kirschman, 1985;Grundschober and Stofberg 1986;Stofberg 1988).…”

Animal Use and Lessons Learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program

“…Another example is the U.S. EPA’s treatment of the ionone derivatives category, substances which naturally occur in plants containing β-carotene. The Flavor and Fragrance High Production Volume Consortia (FFHPVC), which sponsored this category, cited studies showing that human exposure is more likely via consumption of fruits and vegetables than by consumption of products flavored with these substances (Stofberg and Grundschober 1987; Stofberg and Kirschman 1985) and noted that ionone derivatives are recognized by the FDA as being generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food (FFHPVC 2002). Based on these factors and existing data from studies already conducted, the FFHPVC proposed no new animal tests, yet the U.S. EPA recommended a new developmental toxicity test that uses > 1,000 animals (Hernandez 2002b).…”

Cinnamaldehyde in Focus: Antimicrobial Properties, Biosynthetic Pathway, and Industrial Applications

“…TCA is widely used in the cosmetic industry, primarily as a fragrance ingredient in various products. Approximately 95% of its consumption is thanks to its flavoring properties [ 30 ]. TCA can be found in fine fragrances, decorative cosmetics, shampoos, and toiletries, as well as in non-cosmetic products like household cleaners and detergents.…”

The Safety of Flavorings

“…Another approach for priority setting based on the Consumption Ratio was proposed by J. Stofberg (Stofberg 1981;Stofberg and Kirschman, 1985;Grundschober and Stofberg 1986;Stofberg 1988).…”

Animal Use and Lessons Learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program

“…Another example is the U.S. EPA’s treatment of the ionone derivatives category, substances which naturally occur in plants containing β-carotene. The Flavor and Fragrance High Production Volume Consortia (FFHPVC), which sponsored this category, cited studies showing that human exposure is more likely via consumption of fruits and vegetables than by consumption of products flavored with these substances (Stofberg and Grundschober 1987; Stofberg and Kirschman 1985) and noted that ionone derivatives are recognized by the FDA as being generally recognized as safe for their intended use in food (FFHPVC 2002). Based on these factors and existing data from studies already conducted, the FFHPVC proposed no new animal tests, yet the U.S. EPA recommended a new developmental toxicity test that uses > 1,000 animals (Hernandez 2002b).…”

Cinnamaldehyde in Focus: Antimicrobial Properties, Biosynthetic Pathway, and Industrial Applications

“…TCA is widely used in the cosmetic industry, primarily as a fragrance ingredient in various products. Approximately 95% of its consumption is thanks to its flavoring properties [ 30 ]. TCA can be found in fine fragrances, decorative cosmetics, shampoos, and toiletries, as well as in non-cosmetic products like household cleaners and detergents.…”

The Safety of Flavorings

“…Another approach for priority setting based on the Consumption Ratio was proposed by J. Stofberg (Stofberg 1981;Stofberg and Kirschman, 1985;Grundschober and Stofberg 1986;Stofberg 1988).…”