The Consequences of Premature Abandonment of Affirmative Action in Medical School Admissions

Affirmative action programmes in postgraduate medical and surgical training—A narrative review

“…All studies retrieved were written in English. All included studies were comprised of national audits (n = 6), 22‐27 organisational audits (n = 4), 28‐31 consensus methodology (n = 1), 32 narrative reviews (n = 7), 8,30,33‐37 university audits (n = 3), 34,37,38 project audits (n = 7), 33,37,39‐43 viewpoints (n = 8), 2,3,18,44‐48 simulation experiments (n = 3), 49‐51 case surveys (n = 5) 52‐56 and a position paper (n = 1) 15 . Studies centred on ethnic minorities in the United States of America, 2,3,15,22,24‐28,30‐34,36,37,41‐59 China, 24 Switzerland 60 and United Kingdom 18 ; women who identified as an ethnic minority 25,28,38 ; Indigenous peoples 14,35,40,61 ; both ethnic minorities and Indigenous peoples 2,57 ; and people with low socio‐economic status 23,48 …”

“…Historically, only applicants with the best academic credentials were accepted into training. Now agencies must assess what future societal needs will be, and construct balanced classes that will be equipped to meet future challenges 3 . The American College of Physicians has recommended that every effort should be made to improve matriculation and graduation rates of minority students, recruit and retain minority faculty member, and hire and promote minorities in leadership positions in all areas of health care 15 .…”

“…Until such time as students from all racial and ethnic backgrounds emerge from the educational system with an equivalent range of academic and social credentials, there is no mechanism for training institutions to meet their societal obligations without using race and ethnicity in admission decisions 3 . The arguments for and against AAP are summarised in Table 1.…”

Ações afirmativas na educação superior: rumos da discussão nos últimos cinco anos

“…Com relação aos conteúdos, observou-se que em 2003 as pesquisas foram marcadas por alusões à atitude da Suprema Corte norte-americana de apoio e suporte à implantação das ações afirmativas nos cursos de medicina dos EUA (Bowen & Rudenstine, 2003;Cohen, 2003). De maneira geral, as publicações explicitam a preocupação com levantamento de fatores positivos e/ou negativos associados às ações afirmativas, nos âmbitos legais, sociológicos e econômicos.…”

The Policy Argument for Healthcare Workforce Diversity

“…[4][5][6] In addition, one estimate predicts that a broad ban on race-based affirmative action could lower the percentage of underrepresented minorities (URM, defined by the study as Black, Latino, or Native American) in medical school by 70 %. 7 These research findings link affirmative action directly to disparities in primary care access and suggest that any practical policy approach to the US healthcare workforce should account for the racial representation of physicians-in-training.…”