The concomitant use of cannabis and cocaine coexists with increased LPS levels and systemic inflammation in male drug users

Ribeiro, Cauê; Castro, Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa de; Dorneles, Gilson Pires; Barros, Jéssica Barletto de Sousa; Silva, Jacyelle Medeiros; Tavares, Camila; Carvalho, Hélio Rocha; Cunha, Luíz Carlos da; Nagib, Patrícia Resende Alo; Hoffmann, Christian; Peres, Alessandra; Romão, Pedro Roosevelt Torres; Pfrimer, Irmtraut Araci Hoffmann; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155472

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The effects of cannabis consumption on immune function have been evaluated in different populations of cannabis users, revealing reduced serum levels of IL-6 [ 53 , 54 , 55 ], TNF-α [ 48 , 54 ], and IL-2 [ 50 ]. Accordingly, animal studies also showed a significant reduction in the IL-2 and IFN-γ levels [ 49 ].…”

Section: Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders

Morcuende¹,

Navarrete

Nieto³

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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Substance use disorders are a group of diseases that are associated with social, professional, and family impairment and that represent a high socio-economic impact on the health systems of countries around the world. These disorders present a very complex diagnosis and treatment regimen due to the lack of suitable biomarkers supporting the correct diagnosis and classification and the difficulty of selecting effective therapies. Over the last few years, several studies have pointed out that these addictive disorders are associated with systemic and central nervous system inflammation, which could play a relevant role in the onset and progression of these diseases. Therefore, identifying different immune system components as biomarkers of such addictive disorders could be a crucial step to promote appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this work aims to provide an overview of the immune system alterations that may be biomarkers of various addictive disorders.

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Section: Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders

Morcuende¹,

Navarrete

Nieto³

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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“…Opposing to these results, other authors reported that IL-6 was not altered in the plasma and PBMCs of Meth-dependent patients with a recent dosing (72 h) (Jiang et al, 2016), while a another study presented increased TNF-α levels in the serum of Meth-dependent patients that were about to start a detoxification treatment (Shen et al, 2020) (Table 2). Also at the peripheral level, studies that investigated variations of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with cocaine dependency reported either an increase in both cytokines relative to healthy participants (Pianca et al, 2017) or no changes in these two cytokines and TNF-α at the peripheral level (Ribeiro et al, 2021) (Table 4).…”

Section: Cytokine Profile Under Short-and Long-term Administration Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of psychostimulants on central and peripheral neuro-immune regulation: a scoping review of cytokine profiles and their implications for addiction

Bravo

Magalhães

Andrade

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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It is now well-accepted that psychostimulants act on glial cells causing neuroinflammation and adding to the neurotoxic effects of such substances. Neuroinflammation can be described as an inflammatory response, within the CNS, mediated through several cytokines, reactive oxygen species, chemokines and other inflammatory markers. These inflammatory players, in particular cytokines, play important roles. Several studies have demonstrated that psychostimulants impact on cytokine production and release, both centrally and at the peripheral level. Nevertheless, the available data is often contradictory. Because understanding how cytokines are modulated by psychoactive substances seems crucial to perspective successful therapeutic interventions, here, we conducted a scoping review of the available literature. We have focused on how different psychostimulants impact on the cytokine profile. Publications were grouped according to the substance addressed (methamphetamine, cocaine, methylphenidate, MDMA or other amphetamines), the type of exposure and period of evaluation (acute, short- or long-term exposure, withdrawal, and reinstatement). Studies were further divided in those addressing central cytokines, circulating (peripheral) levels, or both. Our analysis showed that the classical pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were those more investigated. The majority of studies have reported increased levels of these cytokines in the central nervous system after acute or repeated drug. However, studies investigating cytokine levels during withdrawal or reinstatement have shown higher variability in their findings. Although we have identified fewer studies addressing circulating cytokines in humans, the available data suggest that the results may be more robust in animal models than in patients with problematic drug use. As a major conclusion, an extensive use of arrays for relevant cytokines should be considered to better determine which cytokines, upon the classical ones, may be involved in the progression from episodic use to the development of addiction. A concerted effort is still necessary to address the link between peripheral and central immune players, including from a longitudinal perspective. Until there, the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to envision personalized immune-based therapeutics will continue to be unlikely.

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“…Concomitant cannabis plus cocaine consumption coexists with pro-inflammatory status due to increased circulating amounts of lipopolysaccharide [ 143 ]. Chronic morphine and cocaine intake causes dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and a probable neuroinflammation, which could explain symptoms such as tolerance, hyperalgesia, and deficit in reward behaviour [ 144 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Drug Abuse Immune Function and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems?

Tarantino

Cataldi

Citro

2022

IJMS

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Recent data show that young people, mainly due to the pressure of some risk factors or due to disrupted interpersonal relationships, utilise greater reward value and display greater sensitivity to the reinforcing properties of “pleasurable stimuli”, specifically in those situations in which an enhanced dopamine release is present. Alcoholic beverages, foods rich in sugar and fat, and illicit drug use are pleasurable feelings associated with rewards. Research shows that there is a link between substance abuse and obesity in brain functioning. Still, alcohol excess is central in leading to obesity and obesity-related morbidities, such as hepatic steatosis, mainly when associated with illicit drug dependence and negative eating behaviours in young people. It is ascertained that long-term drinking causes mental damage, similarly to drug abuse, but also affects liver function. Indeed, beyond the pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol with drugs, occurring in the liver due to the same metabolic enzymes, there are also pharmacodynamic interactions of both substances in the CNS. To complicate matters, an important noxious effect of junk foods consists of inducing obesity and obesity-related NAFLD. In this review, we focus on some key mechanisms underlying the impact of these addictions on the liver, as well as those on the CNS.

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The concomitant use of cannabis and cocaine coexists with increased LPS levels and systemic inflammation in male drug users

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders

The impact of psychostimulants on central and peripheral neuro-immune regulation: a scoping review of cytokine profiles and their implications for addiction

Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems?

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