The concept of soil infectivity and a method for its determination as applied to Endomycorrhizas

Plenchette, Christian; Perrin, R.; Duvert, P.

doi:10.1139/b89-016

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most soil test P used only estimate the available P in the mineral fraction of the soil and ignore P potentially available in the organic fraction of soils and the mycorrhizal potential of soils. In order to implement strategies of reduced fertilization and AMF management in agricultural soils with no undue risk of yield loss, P fertilization recommendations could be based on a soil test estimating both the amount of soil P potentially available to a crop and the soil mycorrhizal potential, which represents the potential contribution of indigenous AMF populations to the recovery of this P. A few methods have been proposed to evaluate the status of AMF populations of soils; the most probable number or MPN (Porter 1979), the mycorrhizal soil infectivity (MSI) (Plenchette et al 1989) and the undisturbed core (Brundrett et al 1994) methods were the most favourably considered by the scientific community. These methods all generate estimations of the extent of the soil ability to produce mycorrhizal root colonization, but provide no information on the quality of the AMF populations.…”

Section: Enhancing Mycorrhizal Effects In Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

Hamel¹,

Strullu²

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Hamel, C. and Strullu, D-G. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 941-950. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multipurpose organisms with complex ecological ramifications in the soil system that have been difficult to study and understand. The phytocentric concept of AMF that has prevailed since the naming of these organisms is being replaced by a holistic vision recognizing that AMF are a key element of soil functioning and health rather than a plant root component. Recent advances in knowledge brought about by new techniques for soil microbiology research open the way to AMF management in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may influence crop development, even in phosphorus-rich soils. However, growing crops in soil with lower fertility would optimize the expression of the multiple beneficial effects of AMF in agro-ecosystem and reduce nutrient seepage to the environment. The consideration of the soil mycorrhizal potential within the framework of soil testing and fertilization recommendations, the development of improved inoculants and signal molecules to manipulate AMF and the development of cultivars with improved symbiotic qualities would insure the production of good crop yields while improving agroecosystems' sustainability. La théorie phytocentrique qui prévaut depuis que ces organismes ont reçu leur nom est en train de céder la place à une vision holistique en vertu de laquelle les MA ne seraient pas une simple composante des racines des plantes mais joueraient plutôt un rôle déterminant dans le fonctionnement et la vitalité du sol. De nouvelles techniques de recherche en microbiologie du sol ont récemment fait progresser nos connaissances et ouvrent la porte à la gestion des MA en agriculture. Les mycorhizes à arbuscules pourraient influer sur le développement des cultures, même dans les sols riches en phosphore. Toutefois, on optimiserait les nombreux effets bénéfiques des MA dans les écosys-tèmes agricoles et réduirait la perte des éléments nutritifs dans l'environnement en cultivant les plantes sur des sols peu fertiles. En tenant compte du potentiel des mycorhizes lors de l'analyse du sol et de la formulation de recommandations sur la fertilisation, en mettant au point de meilleurs inoculants et des molécules signal pour modifier les MA, et en créant des cultivars aux plus grandes qualités symbiotiques, on garantirait l'obtention d'un bon rendement des cultures tout en favorisant la pérennité des écosystèmes agricoles.

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Section: Enhancing Mycorrhizal Effects In Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

Hamel¹,

Strullu²

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…They were isolated and multiplied on sterile soil, poor in phosphorus with maize as trap plant under greenhouse conditions. Three months after cultivation, roots were harvested and mycorrhizal inoculums were prepared as described by Plenchette et al (1989). Each inoculum of fungi consists of sand, spores, hyphae and mycorrhizal root fragments.…”

Section: Fungal Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maize and peanut crops on Ivory Coast northern soil biological activities and their response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation

Koffi¹,

Ndoye²,

Dabonne³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The overuse of chemical fertilizers in agriculture remains an environmental concern, especially in sub-Saharan areas of Africa where soil degradation lead to low crop yield. Crop inoculation with beneficial microorganisms appears a good alternative to reduce chemical substances and improve yield. In this regard, studies on soil biological activities and inoculation experiments on maize (Zea mays L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crops were conducted. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of these crops on soil microbial activities and to assess their response to inoculation with two fungi (Glomus aggregatum and Glomus etunicatum) alone or in combination. Rhizospheric and non rhizospheric soils were collected in peanut and maize fields at Takali in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Soil enzymes activities, total microbial biomass, AMF spore and rhizobia densities were determined in these soils. Then, mycorrhizal inoculation experiment of these plant species was conducted in a greenhouse located at Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. After three months, plant growth and yield, mycorrhizal and nodulation parameters were measured. Results showed that maize has significantly improved enzymes activities, spore density and total microbial biomass of soil. Effect of peanut was only significant on chitinase. Moreover, soil rhizobia density was reduced under this crop effect. Maize significantly improved these parameters more than peanut. Inoculation results showed a significant enhancement of the height and shoot dry weight of maize with single inoculation with G. aggregatum or G. etunicatum even if a low mycorrhization rate was observed. However, in peanut, the mixed inoculants (G. aggregatum + G. etunicatum) significantly increased the pod weight and nodulation parameters. Results showed the importance of plant cover in the improvement of soil biological quality including enzymes activities and microbial community and suggested that the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation is influenced by many factors as plant species, AMF and soil environment characteristics.

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“…Il s'agit d'un test biologique reflétant la capacité d'un sol à initier la formation d'associations mycorhiziennes à partir d'une quantité d'inoculum présent dans le sol sous forme de propagules, c'est-à-dire de spores, de mycélium et de débris de racines portant des vésicules (Plenchette et al, 1989). Chaque échantillon est séché à l'air ambiant puis tamisé à 2 mm, pour être dilué par la suite dans du sable préalablement stérilisé (180°C pendant 3 h).…”

Section: Estimation Du Potentiel Mycorhizogène Des Sols Prospectésunclassified

Évaluation des potentialités mycorhizogènes en lien avec les paramètres physico-chimiques des sols de palmeraies du Maroc (Marrakech et Tafilalet)

et al. 2017

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Résumé -Plusieurs études ont montré que les champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (CMA) aident les plantes hôtes à tolérer les contraintes biotiques et abiotiques notamment le déficit hydrique et la fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier ou bayoud. Notre étude a permis l'évaluation des potentiels mycorhizogènes des sols de palmeraies du Tafilalet et de Marrakech. Des échantillons de sols rhizosphériques des palmiers ont été analysés pour les quatre sites prospectés. Le nombre de propagules mycorhiziennes des palmeraies du Tafilalet est plus élevé que celui des palmeraies de Marrakech. De plus, les fréquences de mycorhization des racines du maïs repiquées dans les sols des palmeraies du Tafilalet sont plus importantes (98-100 %) que celles des palmeraies de Marrakech (29-64 %). Le genre Glomus est plus répandu au niveau des sols prospectés que les genres Sclerocystis et Acaulospora. Les teneurs en phosphore assimilable et en azote total sont très faibles au niveau des sols des palmeraies du Tafilalet par rapport à celles des sols de palmeraies de Marrakech. Celles en chlore, calcium et en fer sont élevées partout. Les teneurs en macroéléments sont voisines pour le potassium, le phosphore total et le soufre. Pour les oligo-éléments, les teneurs en zinc et en cuivre sont moyennes à faibles partout ; les teneurs en zinc et en fer sont élevées au niveau de la palmeraie Nord-Ouest de Marrakech. La concentration en Pb est faible partout. Les sols de la palmeraie du Tafilalet, qui sont pauvres en N et en P assimilable, ont montré des potentiels mycorhizogènes et des capacités d'infectivité plus importants que ceux des sols de la palmeraie de Marrakech.Mots clés : potentiel mycorhizogène / sols / palmeraie / palmier dattier Abstract -Evaluation of the mycorrhizal potential in relation with the physico-chemical properties of soils in Moroccan palm groves (Marrakech and Tafilalet). Several studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help host plants to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses such as water deficiency and vascular fusariosis (or bayoud) in the case of date palm. Our study allowed the assessment of the mycorrhizogenic potential of soils from Tafilalet and Marrakech palm groves. Samples of rhizospheric palm soil from four palm groves were collected, homogenized and then analyzed. The number of mycorrhizal propagules was higher in Tafilalet than in Marrakech palm groves. In addition, AMF frequencies of maize roots transplanted into the soils of Tafilalet palm groves were higher (98-100%) than those transplanted into the soil of Marrakech palm groves (29-64%). The genus Glomus is the most abundant fungi in the prospected soils as well as the genera Sclerocystis and Acaulospora. Furthermore, the levels of the available phosphorus and total nitrogen were very low in soils of Tafilalet compared to those of Marrakech palm grove. The content of major elements such as chlorine, calcium and iron were found to be elevated in all the analyzed soils. These soils showed similar contents of macroelements, in p...

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The concept of soil infectivity and a method for its determination as applied to Endomycorrhizas

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction

Effect of maize and peanut crops on Ivory Coast northern soil biological activities and their response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation

Évaluation des potentialités mycorhizogènes en lien avec les paramètres physico-chimiques des sols de palmeraies du Maroc (Marrakech et Tafilalet)

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