The Concept of Coupling in the Mammalian Circadian Clock Network

Pilorz, Violetta; Astiz, Mariana; Heinen, Keno Ole; Rawashdeh, Oliver; Oster, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.037

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…Through the above-mentioned circadian enhancer motifs hundreds to thousands of tissue-specific clock-controlled genes (CCGs) are regulated in a circadian fashion by the core clock machinery [24]. Collectively, the resulting rhythms of gene/protein abundance allows the organism to keep track of time at the molecular level (reviewed in [9,22,[25][26][27]). Of note, recent advancements in proteomics suggest that there is only a moderate degree of overlap between rhythmic transcripts and their respective protein products, which argues for a major function of post-transcriptional and translation modifications in circadian timekeeping (reviewed in [28]).…”

Section: How Organisms Keep Track Of Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks

Assis

Oster

2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The circadian clock exerts an important role in systemic homeostasis as it acts a keeper of time for the organism. The synchrony between the daily challenges imposed by the environment needs to be aligned with biological processes and with the internal circadian clock. In this review, it is provided an in-depth view of the molecular functioning of the circadian molecular clock, how this system is organized, and how central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other. In this sense, we provide an overview of the neuro-hormonal factors controlled by the central clock and how they affect peripheral tissues. We also evaluate signals released by peripheral organs and their effects in the central clock and other brain areas. Additionally, we evaluate a possible communication between peripheral tissues as a novel layer of circadian organization by reviewing recent studies in the literature. In the last section, we analyze how the circadian clock can modulate intracellular and tissue-dependent processes of metabolic organs. Taken altogether, the goal of this review is to provide a systemic and integrative view of the molecular clock function and organization with an emphasis in metabolic tissues.

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Section: How Organisms Keep Track Of Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks

Assis

Oster

2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…Other clock genes are disseminated in almost all the peripheral tissues, i.e., muscle, liver, intestinal L-cells, and in β-cells [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The clock genes located in peripheral tissues are coordinated by signals coming from the SCN [ 59 , 60 ]. However, they are mostly entrained to the time of food intake and food availability [ 18 , 21 ].…”

Section: Circadian Clock Regulation Of Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of High Energy Breakfast “Big Breakfast Diet” in Clock Gene Regulation of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is strongly linked with the future development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, reducing postprandial glycemic excursions is essential in T2D treatment to slow progressive deficiency of β-cell function and prevent cardiovascular complications. Most of the metabolic processes involved in PPHG, i.e., β-cell secretory function, GLP-1 secretion, insulin sensitivity, muscular glucose uptake, and hepatic glucose production, are controlled by the circadian clock and display daily oscillation. Consequently, postprandial glycemia displays diurnal variation with a higher glycemic response after meals with the same carbohydrate content, consumed at dusk compared to the morning. T2D and meal timing schedule not synchronized with the circadian clock (i.e., skipping breakfast) are associated with disrupted clock gene expression and is linked to PPHG. In contrast, greater intake in the morning (i.e., high energy breakfast) than in the evening has a resetting effect on clock gene oscillations and beneficial effects on weight loss, appetite, and reduction of PPHG, independently of total energy intake. Therefore, resetting clock gene expression through a diet intervention consisting of meal timing aligned to the circadian clock, i.e., shifting most calories and carbohydrates to the early hours of the day, is a promising therapeutic approach to improve PPHG in T2D. This review will focus on recent studies, showing how a high-energy breakfast diet (Bdiet) has resetting and synchronizing actions on circadian clock genes expression, improving glucose metabolism, postprandial glycemic excursions along with weight loss in T2D.

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“…Coupling within the circadian system may take place on different organizational levels (for review, see Refs [209,210]). Whether it occurs at the system level is still an open question.…”

Section: Coupling Among Body Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology

2020

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The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a ‘master clock’ located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system‐level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.

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The Concept of Coupling in the Mammalian Circadian Clock Network

Cited by 58 publications

References 229 publications

The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks

The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks

Role of High Energy Breakfast “Big Breakfast Diet” in Clock Gene Regulation of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes

Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology

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