The Concentration of Nicotine in Indoor Air of the Cafes of Tehran and the Biological Levels of Nicotine and Cotinine in Exposed Smokers in These Cafes
Abstract:Background & objectives:The number of waterpipe cafes has considerably grown in Tehran and other cities of Iran. This increase has occurred due to a wrong belief that the use of hookahs is harmless and relatively safe. So, the aim of current study is to investigate the nicotine concentration in the indoor air of the waterpipe and cigarette cafés as well as the biological concentration of nicotine and cotinine in urine and blood samples of exposed people. Methods: The indoor samples were gathered from 36 cafés-… Show more
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