The compression of hydrogen in an electrochemical cell based on a PE fuel cell design

Strobel, Reto; Oszcipok, M.; Fasil, M.; Rohland, B.; Jörissen, Ludwig; Garche, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00941-7

Cited by 153 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, it has been reported and as indeed also observed in the present work that ohmic losses are much higher compared to activation polarisation losses especially for higher current densities [12,13].…”

Section: Lifetime Performance and Degradation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 71%

Hydrogen and oxygen generation with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based electrolytic technology

Badwal

Giddey

Ciacchi

2006

Ionics

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With dwindling liquid fuel resources, hydrogen offers a credible alternative. The use of hydrogen in a fuel cell offers the highest fuel conversion efficiency compared with all other technologies and it also has the potential to substantially reduce greenhouse gas and particulate emissions at least at the end-user sites. One of the major barriers to the introduction of the hydrogen economy and its wider acceptance is the lack of the rather costly hydrogen generation, transportation and distribution infrastructure to meet the local transport fuel demands. On-site or distributed hydrogen generation would remove the need for this up-front infrastructure requirements and assist with the early large-scale trials of the fuel cell technology for both transport and stationary applications and also introduction of the hydrogen economy. In this paper, the development of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis technology for on-site, on-demand hydrogen generation has been discussed. The major emphasis is given on reducing catalyst cost; interface design and modifications; interconnect materials, design and fabrication; and investigation of the sources of degradation. Stacks to 2 kW H2 capacity have been constructed and tested and show initial efficiencies of >87% at 1 A cm −2 .

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Section: Lifetime Performance and Degradation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 71%

Hydrogen and oxygen generation with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based electrolytic technology

Badwal

Giddey

Ciacchi

2006

Ionics

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“…For comparison, the data from Ströble et al is shown for a humidified Nafion membrane operating at 70°C. 18 Significantly lower voltages were observed for PBI membranes under humidified (3% RH) conditions. Low levels of humidification reduced the total resistance related to bipolar plates, electrode, and PA-doped PBI membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sol-Gel Based Polybenzimidazole Membranes for Hydrogen Pumping Devices

Benicewicz¹

2014

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Electrochemical hydrogen pumping using a high temperature (>100°C) PBI membrane was demonstrated under non-humidified and humidified conditions at ambient pressures. Relatively low voltages were required to operate the pump over a wide range of hydrogen flow rates. The advantages of the high temperature capability were shown by operating the pump on reformate feed gas mixtures containing various amounts of CO and CO 2 . Gas purity measurements on the cathode gas product were conducted and significant reductions in gas impurities were detected. The applicability of the PBI membrane for electrochemical hydrogen pumping and its durability under typical operating conditions was established with tests that lasted for nearly 4000 hours.

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“…Electrochemical hydrogen compressors with SPEs are free from these disadvantages. In particular, electrochemical hydrogen compressors are more effective than traditional compressors (membrane and piston) in the low capacity region [2]. High purity hydrogen is obtained at the outlet (water vapor is a possible impurity).…”

Section: Hydrogen Concentrators/compressors With a Solid Polymer Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an electrolyzer developed at the Kurchatov Institute consumes about 4 kW·h for productivity of 1 nm 3 of hydrogen both at atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 13 MPa. Just for compressing 1 m 3 of hydrogen to 13 MPa in traditional or mechanical membrane compressors it is possible to use up to 2 kW·h of electrical energy [2]. Thus, the saving in electrical energy using a high-pressure electrolyzer may be up to 50% and higher.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical systems with a solid polymer electrolyte. Part II. Water electrolyzers, bifunctional elements, and hydrogen concentrators*

Grigoriev

2013

Chem Petrol Eng

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Information is provided about water electrolyzers, bifunctional systems, and hydrogen concentrators/ compressors with a solid polymer electrolyte, and fields of application are considered. Membrane, electrode, and catalytic materials used within them are described. Keywords: electrochemical system, solid polymer electrolyte, water electrolyzer, bifunctional element, hydrogen concentrator/compressor. Water Electrolyzers with a Solid Polymer Electrolyte. Electrolysis in systems with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) are the safest and most effective method for producing hydrogen from water. Development of electrolyzers with SPE is historically connected with development of perfluorinated ion exchange membrane grade Nafion ® from DuPont. The first electrodes with an SPE were created in 1966 by General Electric and were intended for space craft, underwater equipment, etc.Oxygen is liberated at an anode (positive electrode) of a water electrolyzer with an SPE:Hydrogen ions are transferred through an ion-exchange membrane (SPE), and hydrogen is liberated at a cathode (negative electrode): H + + 2e -→ H 2 .The overall reaction is in contrast to that in a fuel element: H 2 O → H 2 + 1/2O 2 . In order to accomplish this reaction, it is necessary to supply electrical energy, and also thermal energy with a voltage of less than 1.48 V (value of the thermally neutral potential at 25°C).A finely dispersed catalyst based on platinum group metals is used in electrolyzers with SPE. Unfortunately ruthenium, exhibiting the maximum catalytic activity in the oxygen electrical liberation reaction under anodic conditions, is unstable (potential more than 1.23 V in an acid medium), and therefore currently iridium or its oxide (Fig. 1) are used most

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The compression of hydrogen in an electrochemical cell based on a PE fuel cell design

Cited by 153 publications

References 4 publications

Hydrogen and oxygen generation with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based electrolytic technology

Hydrogen and oxygen generation with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)-based electrolytic technology

Sol-Gel Based Polybenzimidazole Membranes for Hydrogen Pumping Devices

Electrochemical systems with a solid polymer electrolyte. Part II. Water electrolyzers, bifunctional elements, and hydrogen concentrators*

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