The Compositional HJ-Biplot—A New Approach to Identifying the Links among Bioactive Compounds of Tomatoes

Abstract

Tomatoes have been described as a functional food because of their particular composition of different bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate composition, minerals and trace elements, and antioxidant compounds were determined in two tomato cultivars (Mariana and Dunkan) that were grown in Gran Canaria (Spain) either conventionally or hydroponically. Although compositional data of this type require being subjected to the specific statistical techniques of compositional analysis, this approach has not usually been considered in this context. In the present case, a compositional Mann–Whitney U test of the data showed significant differences for each factor (cultivar and cultivation system) in several of the compositional variables studied. For the differences between cultivars, these parameters were the protein, Mg, lycopene, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents. For the differences between cultivation systems, they were mainly those of the mineral and trace elements group. Although one-year data are insufficient to make clear relationship among compounds because more repetitions in several localities and years are necessary, the compositional HJ-biplot (in which the links provide estimates of the linear relationship among variables) results agreed with other scientific results about linear relationship among some compounds analyzed.

Virulence Spectra of Hungarian Pyrenophora teres f. teres Isolates Collected from Experimental Fields Show Continuous Variation without Specific Isolate × Barley Differential Interactions

“…The interaction pattern of the isolates with barley genotypes is shown in the which-won-where GGE biplot ( Figure 3 ) that was constructed using dual-metric SVP. This SVP option provides a higher goodness-of-fit and a better representation of both the isolates and differentials at the same time than entry or tester-focused SVP methods [ 72 , 73 ]. Seven isolates (Ko3, Ka10, M11, M1, M4, Ka9, and Ka14) formed a polygon that contained all the other isolates.…”

Building geochemically based quantitative analogies from soil classification systems using different compositional datasets

“…After evaluating the WE composition for nonsignificant information, we examined the biplot for evidence of collinearity among the remaining variables [39–41]. Collinear variables were suggested by different rays situated on a common line, whether in the same or opposite direction.…”

Influence of cultivar, irrigation, ripening stage, and annual variability on the oxidant/antioxidant systems of olives as determined by MDS-PTA

“…An "elbow" in this plot indicates the best number of dimensions. A Shepard diagram is a scatter plot displaying the relationship between the proximities and the distances in which less spread implies a better fit [53].…”