The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum

Glass, John I.; Lefkowitz, Elliot J.; Glass, Jennifer S.; Heiner, Cheryl; Chen, Ellson Y.; Cassell, Gail H.

doi:10.1038/35037619

Cited by 379 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This includes the cockroach endosymbiont Blattabacterium , which encodes urease and glutamate dehydrogenase [34,35]. The only exceptions are strains of the bacterial genus Ureaplasma , a commensal and opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the human urogenital tract and belongs to the Class Mollicutes [36]. In Ureaplasma , high intracellular concentrations of ammonia are thought to generate an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented loss of ammonia assimilation capability in a urease-encoding bacterial mutualist

Williams

Wernegreen

2010

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundBlochmannia are obligately intracellular bacterial mutualists of ants of the tribe Camponotini. Blochmannia perform key nutritional functions for the host, including synthesis of several essential amino acids. We used Illumina technology to sequence the genome of Blochmannia associated with Camponotus vafer.ResultsAlthough Blochmannia vafer retains many nutritional functions, it is missing glutamine synthetase (glnA), a component of the nitrogen recycling pathway encoded by the previously sequenced B. floridanus and B. pennsylvanicus. With the exception of Ureaplasma, B. vafer is the only sequenced bacterium to date that encodes urease but lacks the ability to assimilate ammonia into glutamine or glutamate. Loss of glnA occurred in a deletion hotspot near the putative replication origin. Overall, compared to the likely gene set of their common ancestor, 31 genes are missing or eroded in B. vafer, compared to 28 in B. floridanus and four in B. pennsylvanicus. Three genes (queA, visC and yggS) show convergent loss or erosion, suggesting relaxed selection for their functions. Eight B. vafer genes contain frameshifts in homopolymeric tracts that may be corrected by transcriptional slippage. Two of these encode DNA replication proteins: dnaX, which we infer is also frameshifted in B. floridanus, and dnaG.ConclusionsComparing the B. vafer genome with B. pennsylvanicus and B. floridanus refines the core genes shared within the mutualist group, thereby clarifying functions required across ant host species. This third genome also allows us to track gene loss and erosion in a phylogenetic context to more fully understand processes of genome reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented loss of ammonia assimilation capability in a urease-encoding bacterial mutualist

Williams

Wernegreen

2010

BMC Genomics

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“…The 16S rRNA gene was used as a target gene, but while in the CaGg genome the 16S rRNA gene is present in a single copy (Ghignone et al, 2012), in Mre one or at most two rRNA gene copies are expected based on the comparison with the closest microbes already sequenced (Fraser et al, 1995;Glass et al, 2000;Jaffe et al, 2004;Minion et al, 2004;Vasconcelos et al, 2005;Bai et al, 2006). The accuracy of qPCR primers of CaGg and Mre was confirmed by assessing the melting profile generated by each primer pair (Supplementary Figure S2).…”

Section: Mre and Cagg Abundance In Amf Cells: Real-time Qpcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a novel intracellular microbiome hosted in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2013

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important members of the plant microbiome. They are obligate biotrophs that colonize the roots of most land plants and enhance host nutrient acquisition. Many AMF themselves harbor endobacteria in their hyphae and spores. Two types of endobacteria are known in Glomeromycota: rod-shaped Gram-negative Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum, CaGg, limited in distribution to members of the Gigasporaceae family, and coccoid Mollicutes-related endobacteria, Mre, widely distributed across different lineages of AMF. The goal of the present study is to investigate the patterns of distribution and coexistence of the two endosymbionts, CaGg and Mre, in spore samples of several strains of Gigaspora margarita. Based on previous observations, we hypothesized that some AMF could host populations of both endobacteria. To test this hypothesis, we performed an extensive investigation of both endosymbionts in G. margarita spores sampled from Cameroonian soils as well as in the Japanese G. margarita MAFF520054 isolate using different approaches (molecular phylotyping, electron microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR). We found that a single AMF host can harbour both types of endobacteria, with Mre population being more abundant, variable and prone to recombination than the CaGg one. Both endosymbionts seem to retain their genetic and lifestyle peculiarities regardless of whether they colonize the host alone or together. These findings show for the first time that fungi support an intracellular bacterial microbiome, in which distinct types of endobacteria coexist in a single cell.

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“…If the infection spreads to the uterus or fallopian tubes in women or in the small bowel it may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. The role of ureaplasma in pregnant women is of particular importance as the infection may lead to complications in pregnancy resulting in premature labour, miscarriage or stillborn child [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. Undiagnosed and untreated infection can also lead to infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in women of reproductive age

Hunjak¹,

Sabol

Vojnović³

et al. 2013

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Objectives. To determine the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women of reproductive age and to estimate antibiotic susceptibility of ureaplasma isolates.Material and methods. This study included 424 ureaplasma positive women of 1370 tested women who visited gynecological practices during 2010. Cervicovaginal or urethral swab specimens from each patient were obtained for cultivation and molecular typing by RT-PCR.Results. Ureaplasma spp. was identified by cultivation in 424 (34.4%) cases, of which 79.0%were from women with symptoms and 21.0% from women without symptoms. Among ureaplasma positive women, 121 (28.5%) were pregnant. Genotyping was successful in 244 strains, and the majority of samples were identified as UP (92.6%). Among genotyped isolates, there were 79.5% from symptomatic and 20.5% from asymptomatic women; 29.9% from pregnant and 70.1% from non-pregnant women. There was no difference in the incidence of ureaplasma type regarding symptoms. Antibiotic susceptibility of 424 ureaplasma isolates identified by cultivation showed that all strains were susceptible to doxycycline, josamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and pristinamicin, but there was lower susceptibility to quinolone antibiotics, i.e. 42.9% and 24.5% isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.Conclusion. This study shows that UP was the most frequent isolated ureaplasma species (92.6%). Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, quinolones are not the best choice for treatment of ureaplasma infections, while macrolides and tetracyclines are still effective.

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The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum

Cited by 379 publications

References 27 publications

Unprecedented loss of ammonia assimilation capability in a urease-encoding bacterial mutualist

Unprecedented loss of ammonia assimilation capability in a urease-encoding bacterial mutualist

Detection of a novel intracellular microbiome hosted in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in women of reproductive age

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