“…Adenosine plays a regulatory role in the nervous system by decreasing neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission, including excitatory synaptic transmission (Dias, Rombo, Ribeiro, Henley, & Sebastião, ; Dunwiddie & Hoffer, ; Pinto, Serpa, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ; Serpa, Ribeiro, & Sebastião, ), protecting against neurotoxic insults (Ribeiro, Sebastião, & Mendonça, ; Serpa, Pinto, Bernardino, & Cascalheira, ) and modulating synaptic plasticity (Dias et al, ; Santschi, Zhang, & Stanton, ). Most of these adenosine actions are mediated by activation of G‐protein‐coupled adenosine receptors located at the extracellular membrane, specifically A 1 , A 2A , A 2B and A 3 receptors (Dias et al, ; Serpa, Sara, Ribeiro, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ; Serpa, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ). However, adenosine may play relevant adenosine receptor‐independent functions, such as modulation of epigenetic processes (Boison, Sandau, Ruskin, Kawamura, & Masino, ; Williams‐Karnesky et al, ).…”