The combined action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and grape proanthocyanidins on a rat model of diet-induced metabolic alterations

Abstract

It has been suggested that food components such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and (poly)phenols counteract diet-induced metabolic alterations by common or complementary mechanisms. To examine the effects of a combination of ω-3 PUFAs and (poly)phenols on such alterations, adult Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed an obesogenic high-fat high-sucrose diet supplemented, or not, for 24 weeks with: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1 : 1 (16.6 g kg(-1) feed); proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE, 0.8 g kg(-1) feed); or EPA/DHA 1 : 1 + GSE. Body weight, feed intake, and plasma glucose were evaluated every 6 weeks, while adipose tissue weight, insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated at the end of the experiment. ω-3 PUFAs reduced plasma leptin and cholesterol levels, but did not modify diet-induced perigonadal fat or plasma insulin levels; while GSE increased plasma triglyceride levels. The combined action of ω-3 PUFAs and the proanthocyanidins reduced plasma insulin and leptin, as well as partially prevented perigonadal fat accumulation. While separate supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs or grape proanthocyanidins may not counteract all the key metabolic changes induced by a high-energy-dense diet, the combination of both supplements reverts altered insulin, leptin and triglyceride levels to normal.

Soluble Dietary Fiber Reduces Trimethylamine Metabolism via Gut Microbiota and Co‐Regulates Host AMPK Pathways

“…Regulation of food intake and body weight may involve the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis, via which the SDF‐mediated alteration of gut microbiota and epithelial function perturbs the homeostatic humoral and neural pathways controlling food intake and body weight . Our results indicated that fermented SDF exerted significant antagonistic effect on the body weight gain of mice in a dose‐dependent manner …”

Changes in liver proteins of rats fed standard and high-fat and sucrose diets induced by fish omega-3 PUFAs and their combination with grape polyphenols according to quantitative proteomics

“…Adiposity index: ((total abdominal fat × 100)/body weight) and hepatosomatic index: ((liver weight × 100)/body weight) were also calculated. Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and insulin concentrations joint to the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood were measured in the same animals by following protocols previously described [27][28][29] and the results are currently published [30,31] . In order to facilitate the reading of the present work, a summary of those are showed in the Supplementary Tables S1 and S2, which also provide the rest of biochemical measurements done.…”

“…According to proteomics design, comparisons among different supplements in the present research were made independently inside STD or HFHS backgrounds. The physiological effects of STD and HFHS, with or without supplements, were deeply discussed in the references [30] and [31].…”

Modulation of the Liver Protein Carbonylome by the Combined Effect of Marine Omega-3 PUFAs and Grape Polyphenols Supplementation in Rats Fed an Obesogenic High Fat and High Sucrose Diet

“…A summary of the most relevant biochemical and biometric parameters of rats fed HFHS diets is shown in Table 1. These parameters have already been studied in the same cohort of animals and partially published [15,22,23]. Rats fed the HFHS control diet developed a prediabetic state characterized by hyperinsulinemia and excess of visceral fat [13,19].…”