The combination of resveratrol and Bletilla striata polysaccharide decreases inflammatory markers of early osteoarthritis knee and the preliminary results on LPS‐induced OA rats

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage with associatedstructural and performance changes in the entire joint, and current treatments for OA only aim to relieve symptoms, rather than to prevent or reverse disease progression. Recently, treatments targeting “early osteoarthritis” (EOA) have attracted attention. However, during EOA stage, chondrocytes may change behaviors to express pro‐inflammatory cytokines and free radicals, which would cause detrimental effects to the synovial cavity and further cartilage wear. In this study, we combined resveratrol (Res) and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) as anti‐inflammatories and antioxidants to diffuse free radicals and to alleviate inflammation from the synovial cavity both short term and long term. The current study introduced a new method for harvesting BSP from as‐received Bletilla striata to achieve high yields, shortened extraction times, and maintained structure/functions. In addition, it combined Res and home‐extracted BSP (Res‐BSP) to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced OA model. The gene expressions of inflammatory genes iNOs, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MMP‐13 were upregulated 5.7‐fold, 6.5‐fold, 8.6‐fold, and 4.5‐fold, respectively on OA‐like chondrocytes and the gene expressions were significantly downregulated to 3.3‐fold, 2.1‐fold, 4.9‐fold, and 0.1‐fold, respectively, once OA‐like chondrocytes were treated with Res‐BSP (p < 0.05, compared with OA‐like chondrocytes). The gene expressions of chondrogenic genes TGFβ1, SOX9, and type II collagen were downregulated by 0.8‐fold, 2.2‐fold, and 0.8‐fold, respectively, based on the control group as a baseline. While it was significantly upregulated by 3.4‐fold, 0.32‐fold, and 0.4‐fold, respectively, once OA‐like chondrocytes were treated with Res‐BSP. (p < 0.05, compared with OA‐like chondrocytes). Finally, we elucidated the role of Res‐BSP in EOA in suppressing COX‐2 and activating p‐Smad 2/3 and p‐Erk1/2. We believe that the combination of Res and BSP has great potential as an alternative therapeutic strategy for EOA treatment in future.

Effects of Mongolian Medicine Sengdeng-4 in Rabbit Knee Osteoarthritis Model

“…After birth, mice that lacked miRNA-140 exhibited deformities in bone growth and experienced apoptosis in chondrocytes. miRNA-140 holds significant prominence in the context of chondrocyte growth and development [27,28].…”

Bletilla striata Polysaccharide-Containing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Bilayer Structure Membrane for Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion and Achilles Tendon Repair

“…For instance, Chen et al determined that BSP improved the climbing ability and survival rate of adult flies by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibiting cell death. In 2023, Lin et al confirmed that BSP combined with resveratrol effectively reduced inflammatory markers in early osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro and in preliminary lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced OA rat experiments. BSP is a water-soluble polysaccharide that can be directly added to the culture medium at specific concentrations for in vitro cell experiments.…”

The novel hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting the TLR‐2/NF‐κB signaling pathway through suppressing cellular senescence

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious chronic degenerative disease characterized by articular cartilage loss, synovitis, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte, which is the main cause of joint pain and disability 1–6 . The progression of OA may ultimately lead to keen arthroplasty surgery to restore joint function 7,8 .…”

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious chronic degenerative disease characterized by articular cartilage loss, synovitis, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte, which is the main cause of joint pain and disability. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 The progression of OA may ultimately lead to keen arthroplasty surgery to restore joint function. 7 , 8 Although there are no effective disease‐modifying therapies available to delay or prevent knee replacement, intra‐articular therapies such as corticosteroids (CS), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been commonly used in clinical trials to mitigate cartilage destruction and knee pain.…”