The coloration and degradation mechanisms of electrochromic nickel oxide

Ren, Yi; Chim, W. K.; Li, Guo; Tanoto, H.; Pan, Jisheng; Chiam, Sing Yang

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.042

Cited by 90 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The SEM of dip-coated 100 nm TiO 2 thin film after 1500 cycles was presented in Additional file 1: Figure S3. As shown in Additional file 1: Figure S3, uneven electrolyte agglomeration is observed for the dip-coated TiO 2 thin film in our work, which is similar to that of the previous reports [55, 56]. Moreover, extra Ag was detected via energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) in the dip-coated TiO 2 thin film after the transformation of modified device to the transparent state, with the results listed in the Additional file 1: Table S2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Dip-Coating Process Engineering and Performance Optimization for Three-State Electrochromic Devices

Yang

Fei

et al. 2017

Nanoscale Res Lett

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were modified onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via dip-coating technique with different nanoparticle sizes, lifting speeds, precursor concentrations, and dipping numbers. Electrodeposition-based electrochromic device with reversible three-state optical transformation (transparent, mirror, and black) was fabricated subsequently by sandwiching a suitable amount of gel electrolyte between modified FTO electrode and flat FTO electrode. Correlation between dip-coating process engineering, morphological features of TiO2 thin films, i.e., thickness and roughness, as well as performance of electrochromic devices, i.e., optical contrast, switching time, and cycling stability, were investigated. The modified device exhibits high optical contrast of 57%, the short coloration/bleaching switching time of 6 and 20 s, and excellent cycling stability after 1500 cycles of only 27% decrement rate by adjusting dip-coating processes engineering. The results in this study will provide valuable guidance for rational design of the electrochromic device with satisfactory performance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11671-017-2163-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Dip-Coating Process Engineering and Performance Optimization for Three-State Electrochromic Devices

Yang

Fei

et al. 2017

Nanoscale Res Lett

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“…The electrochromism of lithium-containing Ni oxide films has been investigated in numerous studies aimed at elucidating basic optical and electrochemical mechanisms [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] as well as to produce counter electrodes for application in W-oxide-based EC devices [5,27,32,[34][35][36][37][38] .…”

Section: + Exchange In Ni Oxide: a Critical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Electrochromism for Energy‐Efficient Windows: Cation/Anion‐Based Surface Processes and Effects of Crystal Facets in Nickel Oxide Thin Films

Wen

Granqvist

Niklasson

2015

Adv Funct Materials

118

102

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Anodic electrochromic (EC) oxides are of major interest as counter electrodes for smart window applications owing to their unique optical properties upon charge insertion and extraction. However, performance optimization of such oxides has been hampered by limited understanding of their EC mechanism, particularly in Li + -conducting electrolytes. This paper reports on NiO x films with 1.16 ≤ x ≤ 1.32, prepared by sputter deposition. These films were immersed in an electrolyte of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate, and EC properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry and in situ optical transmittance measurements. The electrochromism was significantly enhanced at large values of x. We find that charge exchange in Ni oxide is mainly due to surface processes and involves both cations and anions from the electrolyte, which is different from the case of cathodic EC materials such as WO 3 .Whereas previous studies of Ni oxide have focused on cation intercalation, the cation/anionbased mechanism presented here offers a new paradigm for designing and developing EC devices such as smart windows for energy efficient buildings.2

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“…Several different electrochemical reaction schemes have been proposed, and it appears that the reactions can proceed via the exchange of H + and OH -depending on the nature of the film as well as on the electrolyte. Further complications arise since the films can evolve during electrochemical cycling [20,44]. A detailed study on sputter-deposited Ni-oxide-based films in 1 M KOH was presented by Avendaño et al [80,81] and pointed at the general applicability of the Bode reaction scheme, which is well established for batteries [82,83]; specifically the bleached and colored states were associated with Ni(OH) 2 and NiOOH, respectively, and the EC reaction can be written, schematically, as…”

Section: Nickel Oxide Films In Koh: Electrochemical Optical and Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Devices incorporating W-oxide-based and Nioxide-based films have attracted much interest [21], and EC -smart windows‖ using this combination of materials are currently introduced on the market [10]. However, the Ni-oxidebased films are still in need of refinement, and research on Ni-oxide-based films is pursued vigorously; recent (2009 and later) studies have been published on such films prepared by evaporation [22], sputtering [23][24][25][26][27], chemical vapor deposition [28], various wet-chemical techniques such as sol-gel deposition [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and chemical bath deposition [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and electrodeposition [44][45][46][47][48][49]. Electrochromic Ni-oxide-based films have been made also by electrophoretic deposition of Ni hydroxide nanoparticles [50] and from Ni oxide pigments deposited from water dispersion [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic voltammetry on sputter-deposited films of electrochromic Ni oxide: Power-law decay of the charge density exchange

Wen

Granqvist

Niklasson

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Porous nickel oxide films were deposited onto unheated indium tin oxide coated glass substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. These films had a cubic NiO structure.Electrochromic properties were evaluated in 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) and in 1 M lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate (Li-PC). Large optical modulation was obtained for ~500-nm-thick films both in KOH and in Li-PC (~70 % and ~50 % at 550 nm, respectively). In KOH, tensile and compressive stress, due to expansion and contraction of the lattice, were found for films in their bleached and colored state, respectively. In Li-PC, compressive stress was seen both in colored and bleached films. Durability tests with voltage sweeps between -0.5 to 0.65 V vs Ag/AgCl in KOH showed good durability for 10,000 cycles, whereas voltage sweeps between 2.0 to 4.7 V vs Li/Li + in Li-PC yielded significant degradation after 1000 cycles.

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The coloration and degradation mechanisms of electrochromic nickel oxide

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

Dip-Coating Process Engineering and Performance Optimization for Three-State Electrochromic Devices

Dip-Coating Process Engineering and Performance Optimization for Three-State Electrochromic Devices

Anodic Electrochromism for Energy‐Efficient Windows: Cation/Anion‐Based Surface Processes and Effects of Crystal Facets in Nickel Oxide Thin Films

Cyclic voltammetry on sputter-deposited films of electrochromic Ni oxide: Power-law decay of the charge density exchange

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